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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ordnungsrelation</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p><b>Ordnungsrelationen</b> sind in der <a href="Mathematik" title="Mathematik">Mathematik</a> Verallgemeinerungen der <a href="Vergleich_(Zahlen)" title="Vergleich (Zahlen)">„kleiner-gleich“-Beziehung</a>. Sie erlauben es, Elemente einer Menge miteinander zu <a href="Vergleich_(Philosophie)" title="Vergleich (Philosophie)">vergleichen</a>.
</p><p>Eine Ordnungsrelation ist formal eine <a href="Zweistellige_Relation" class="mw-redirect" title="Zweistellige Relation">zweistellige Relation</a>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R\subseteq M\times M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>R</mi>
<mo>⊆<!-- ⊆ --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R\subseteq M\times M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b8575e1044516a2e1b54090f748c87d59fbdba42.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:12.587ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R\subseteq M\times M}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>auf einer <a href="Menge_(Mathematik)" title="Menge (Mathematik)">Menge</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f82cade9898ced02fdd08712e5f0c0151758a0dd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.442ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M}" loading="lazy"></span> mit bestimmten unten aufgeführten Eigenschaften, worunter immer die <a href="Transitive_Relation" title="Transitive Relation">Transitivität</a> ist. Die Menge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f82cade9898ced02fdd08712e5f0c0151758a0dd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.442ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M}" loading="lazy"></span> wird bei manchen Autoren auch als <i>Trägermenge</i> bezeichnet.
</p><p>Ist auf einer Trägermenge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f82cade9898ced02fdd08712e5f0c0151758a0dd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.442ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M}" loading="lazy"></span> eine solche Ordnungsrelation <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>R</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4b0bfb3769bf24d80e15374dc37b0441e2616e33.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R}" loading="lazy"></span> gegeben, so ist das Paar <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (M,R)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (M,R)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e2ee1d5516de1e3b2306e64b067d3e2a61b81185.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.049ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (M,R)}" loading="lazy"></span> eine <i>geordnete Menge</i>. Meist wird für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (a,b)\in R}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>R</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (a,b)\in R}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/74368fbf491df6119b707e6a93b6918b0564b659.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.675ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (a,b)\in R}" loading="lazy"></span> die sogenannte <a href="Infix_(Linguistik)" title="Infix (Linguistik)">Infix</a>-Notation <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a\,R\,b}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>R</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>b</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a\,R\,b}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bb91a227b3c3669fbb17a5c9c3a482a21a6c9026.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.766ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a\,R\,b}" loading="lazy"></span> verwendet. Außerdem wird für Ordnungsrelationen nur selten ein Symbol wie <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>R</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4b0bfb3769bf24d80e15374dc37b0441e2616e33.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R}" loading="lazy"></span> verwendet. Stattdessen werden häufig Symbole wie <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \leq }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \leq }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/440568a09c3bfdf0e1278bfa79eb137c04e94035.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \leq }" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \preceq }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>⪯<!-- ⪯ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \preceq }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/63dfe475e1377b3b4e936a3aa8fb1d7177dcdbc3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \preceq }" loading="lazy"></span> oder ähnliche verwendet. Die Schreibweisen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a<b}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a<b}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/91a7698e4c7401bb321f97888b872b583a9e4642.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.326ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a<b}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a\prec b}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>≺<!-- ≺ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a\prec b}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7bdf7649222f545951f40fddf2a37dd3eb9635af.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.326ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a\prec b}" loading="lazy"></span> stehen als Abkürzung für „<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a\leq b}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a\leq b}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/41558abc50886fdf38817495b243958d7b3dd39b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:5.326ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a\leq b}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a\neq b}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>≠<!-- ≠ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a\neq b}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3bf17ce351d08f2b7a3e54ba3aa2132f260c84f6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.326ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a\neq b}" loading="lazy"></span>“ bzw. „<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a\preceq b}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>⪯<!-- ⪯ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a\preceq b}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f56634f1044bf3d86a3ab22119a38efe7705dcd7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:5.326ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a\preceq b}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a\neq b}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>≠<!-- ≠ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a\neq b}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3bf17ce351d08f2b7a3e54ba3aa2132f260c84f6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.326ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a\neq b}" loading="lazy"></span>“.
</p><p>Es folgt eine Auflistung verschiedener Arten von Ordnungsrelationen mit Beispielen. Für Definitionen der Eigenschaften siehe <a href="Transitive_Relation" title="Transitive Relation">transitiv</a>, <a href="Reflexive_Relation" title="Reflexive Relation">reflexiv und irreflexiv</a>, <a href="Asymmetrische_Relation" title="Asymmetrische Relation">asymmetrisch</a>, <a href="Antisymmetrische_Relation" title="Antisymmetrische Relation">antisymmetrisch</a>, oder den Artikel <a href="Relation_(Mathematik)" title="Relation (Mathematik)">Relation (Mathematik)</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Totalordnung">Totalordnung</h2></div>
<p>Eine Relation <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \leq }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \leq }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/440568a09c3bfdf0e1278bfa79eb137c04e94035.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \leq }" loading="lazy"></span> auf einer Menge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f82cade9898ced02fdd08712e5f0c0151758a0dd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.442ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M}" loading="lazy"></span> wird (<b>schwache</b>) <b>Totalordnung</b> oder <b>totale Ordnung</b> oder einfach (<b>schwache</b>) <b>Ordnung</b> genannt, wenn die Forderungen
</p>
<table style="text-align:left">
<tbody><tr>
<td>
<ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\leq x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\leq x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/96a5929024fa38cfa940f872cbaba86a7a3b2097.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:5.758ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\leq x}" loading="lazy"></span></li></ul>
</td>
<td>(Reflexivität)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\leq y\land y\leq x\;\Rightarrow \;x=y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>∧<!-- ∧ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo stretchy="false">⇒<!-- ⇒ --></mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\leq y\land y\leq x\;\Rightarrow \;x=y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/385c2aa31765911a3ae59bae8f8535fc87b27b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:24.238ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\leq y\land y\leq x\;\Rightarrow \;x=y}" loading="lazy"></span></li></ul>
</td>
<td>(Antisymmetrie)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:20em">
<ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\leq y\land y\leq z\;\Rightarrow \;x\leq z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>∧<!-- ∧ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo stretchy="false">⇒<!-- ⇒ --></mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\leq y\land y\leq z\;\Rightarrow \;x\leq z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c97a422e72b83e25c56d4051cc57c845d31a9ed2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:23.929ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\leq y\land y\leq z\;\Rightarrow \;x\leq z}" loading="lazy"></span></li></ul>
</td>
<td>(Transitivität)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\leq y\lor y\leq x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>∨<!-- ∨ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\leq y\lor y\leq x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/36f4833f78be46115914763d3866e0e1da737fa5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.75ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\leq y\lor y\leq x}" loading="lazy"></span></li></ul>
</td>
<td>(Totalität)
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x,y,z\in M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x,y,z\in M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ba283a127121ad64c98d3f69ced0ac4a86ec6414.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.924ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x,y,z\in M}" loading="lazy"></span> erfüllt sind.
Da dies bei der <a href="Zahlengerade" title="Zahlengerade">Zahlengeraden</a>, der „Linie“, der Fall ist, wird eine Totalordnung auch <b>lineare Ordnung</b> genannt. Eine totalgeordnete Untermenge einer <a href="#Halbordnung">partiell geordneten</a> Menge wird auch als <b>Kette</b> bezeichnet.
</p><p>Die durch
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\preceq y:\Longleftrightarrow y\leq x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>⪯<!-- ⪯ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>:⟺<!-- ⟺ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\preceq y:\Longleftrightarrow y\leq x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/71094c86a68b16066c04ab8fc9696ed4d58282d2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:17.421ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\preceq y:\Longleftrightarrow y\leq x}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>definierte <a href="Relation_(Mathematik)" title="Relation (Mathematik)">Umkehrrelation</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \preceq }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>⪯<!-- ⪯ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \preceq }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/63dfe475e1377b3b4e936a3aa8fb1d7177dcdbc3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \preceq }" loading="lazy"></span> einer Totalordnung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \leq }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \leq }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/440568a09c3bfdf0e1278bfa79eb137c04e94035.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \leq }" loading="lazy"></span> ist selbst eine Totalordnung. Bei Umkehrrelationen wird gerne das gespiegelte Symbol als Relationszeichen genommen, in diesem Fall <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \geq }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>≥<!-- ≥ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \geq }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bcef7c0e95bb77a35fd1a874ca91f425215f3c26.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \geq }" loading="lazy"></span> statt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \preceq }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>⪯<!-- ⪯ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \preceq }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/63dfe475e1377b3b4e936a3aa8fb1d7177dcdbc3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \preceq }" loading="lazy"></span>, also
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\geq y:\Longleftrightarrow y\leq x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≥<!-- ≥ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>:⟺<!-- ⟺ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\geq y:\Longleftrightarrow y\leq x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a94d903c7012c4633bab6922132fc16520ed7e78.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:17.421ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\geq y:\Longleftrightarrow y\leq x}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Im Fall der totalen (Quasi-)Ordnungen hat dies eine besondere Berechtigung, weil bei ihnen die inverse Relation eine Spiegelung ist.
</p><p>Eine endliche Untermenge einer totalgeordneten Menge lässt sich gemäß dieser Ordnung in eindeutiger Weise sortieren, das heißt in eine („lineare“) Reihenfolge bringen derart, dass jedes Element mit seinem Folgeelement in der Ordnungsbeziehung steht. Solchermaßen geordnet nennt man die Sortierung <i>aufsteigend</i>. Gilt stattdessen zwischen zwei Nachbarelementen die gespiegelte Ordnungsrelation, nennt man die Sortierung <i>absteigend</i>. Der schwächere Begriff der <a href="#Quasiordnung">totalen Quasiordnung (siehe unten)</a> erlaubt das Vorhandensein von „Duplikaten“, also eine nicht eindeutige Sortierung.
</p><p><b>Beispiel und Gegenbeispiel:</b>
</p><p>Ein Beispiel ist die Relation <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \leq }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \leq }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/440568a09c3bfdf0e1278bfa79eb137c04e94035.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \leq }" loading="lazy"></span> („kleiner-gleich“) auf den <a href="Ganze_Zahlen" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganze Zahlen">ganzen Zahlen</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/449494a083e0a1fda2b61c62b2f09b6bee4633dc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.55ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} }" loading="lazy"></span> oder die <a href="Lexikographische_Ordnung" title="Lexikographische Ordnung">lexikographische Ordnung</a> über Tupeln.
</p><p>Ein Gegenbeispiel ist die Teilmengenbeziehung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \subseteq }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>⊆<!-- ⊆ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \subseteq }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a924f8dcb2847bb8871edfdbf4c6b5cca0669228.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \subseteq }" loading="lazy"></span> auf der <a href="Potenzmenge" title="Potenzmenge">Potenzmenge</a> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/449494a083e0a1fda2b61c62b2f09b6bee4633dc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.55ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} }" loading="lazy"></span>: sie ist <i>nicht</i> total, denn es gilt weder <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \{1,2\}\subseteq \{2,3\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
<mo>⊆<!-- ⊆ --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \{1,2\}\subseteq \{2,3\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/11eee7a2f546b64dc9a911e1df40d777de297d70.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.466ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \{1,2\}\subseteq \{2,3\}}" loading="lazy"></span> noch <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \{2,3\}\subseteq \{1,2\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
<mo>⊆<!-- ⊆ --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \{2,3\}\subseteq \{1,2\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c25edd8c28190bb7e3fc233796b0c2dcf65382f9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.466ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \{2,3\}\subseteq \{1,2\}}" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Strenge_Totalordnung">Strenge Totalordnung</h2></div>
<p>Eine Relation <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle <}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo><</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle <}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/33737c89a17785dacc8638b4d66db3d5c8670de1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.808ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle <}" loading="lazy"></span> auf <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f82cade9898ced02fdd08712e5f0c0151758a0dd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.442ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M}" loading="lazy"></span> heißt <b>strenge</b> (oder auch <b>starke</b>) <b>Totalordnung</b>, wenn
</p>
<table style="text-align:left">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="width:25em">
<ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x<y\;\land \;y<z\;\;\Rightarrow \;\;x<z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>∧<!-- ∧ --></mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo stretchy="false">⇒<!-- ⇒ --></mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x<y\;\land \;y<z\;\;\Rightarrow \;\;x<z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e09becb0d6b1b50671011f892d52a88bdb91eb77.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:26.51ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x<y\;\land \;y<z\;\;\Rightarrow \;\;x<z}" loading="lazy"></span></li></ul>
</td>
<td>(Transitivität)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<ul><li>entweder <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x<y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x<y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/aeb239de6fee56ea8b6a65f7858d95b87632069f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.584ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x<y}" loading="lazy"></span> oder <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x=y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x=y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/409a91214d63eabe46ec10ff3cbba689ab687366.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.584ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x=y}" loading="lazy"></span> oder <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y<x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>y</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y<x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4052851a7a0fd170365775f6fc8ad079d274ee55.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.584ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y<x}" loading="lazy"></span></li></ul>
</td>
<td>(<a href="Trichotomie#Mathematik" title="Trichotomie">Trichotomie</a>)
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x,y,z\in M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x,y,z\in M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ba283a127121ad64c98d3f69ced0ac4a86ec6414.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.924ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x,y,z\in M}" loading="lazy"></span> gilt.
</p><p>Da eine strenge Totalordnung nicht reflexiv ist, ist sie <i>keine Totalordnung</i>. Eine Totalordnung im oben erklärten <i>schwachen</i> Sinn ist aber die zu <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle <}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo><</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle <}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/33737c89a17785dacc8638b4d66db3d5c8670de1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.808ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle <}" loading="lazy"></span> gehörige Ordnung (mit Reflexivität und Antisymmetrie), die durch
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\leq y\;\;:\Leftrightarrow \;\;x<y{\text{ oder }}x=y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>:⇔<!-- ⇔ --></mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext> oder </mtext>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\leq y\;\;:\Leftrightarrow \;\;x<y{\text{ oder }}x=y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/905ba6261578c91242435e73a07cc58ec959b7ee.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:29.153ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\leq y\;\;:\Leftrightarrow \;\;x<y{\text{ oder }}x=y}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>definiert ist. Umgekehrt wird aus jeder (schwachen) Totalordnung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \leq }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \leq }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/440568a09c3bfdf0e1278bfa79eb137c04e94035.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \leq }" loading="lazy"></span> auf <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f82cade9898ced02fdd08712e5f0c0151758a0dd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.442ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M}" loading="lazy"></span> per
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x<y\;\;:\Leftrightarrow \;\;x\leq y{\text{ und }}x\neq y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>:⇔<!-- ⇔ --></mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext> und </mtext>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≠<!-- ≠ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x<y\;\;:\Leftrightarrow \;\;x\leq y{\text{ und }}x\neq y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6a084a0f31b631c7fc952e0dbf36612ae66be31b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:28.631ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x<y\;\;:\Leftrightarrow \;\;x\leq y{\text{ und }}x\neq y}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>eine strenge Totalordnung <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle <}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo><</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle <}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/33737c89a17785dacc8638b4d66db3d5c8670de1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.808ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle <}" loading="lazy"></span> .</span>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vergleichbarkeit">Vergleichbarkeit</h2></div>
<p>Gilt für zwei Elemente <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\in M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\in M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9df57d73e9532bb93a1439890bcddbc2806f5859.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.613ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\in M}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y\in M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y\in M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a791cf1205a293bb7b42ae3618fbc376acd4b52a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.438ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y\in M}" loading="lazy"></span>, dass wenigstens eine der drei Beziehungen (und da sie sich gegenseitig ausschließen: genau eine)
</p>
<ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x<y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x<y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/aeb239de6fee56ea8b6a65f7858d95b87632069f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.584ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x<y}" loading="lazy"></span> oder <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x=y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x=y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/409a91214d63eabe46ec10ff3cbba689ab687366.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.584ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x=y}" loading="lazy"></span> oder <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y<x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>y</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y<x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4052851a7a0fd170365775f6fc8ad079d274ee55.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.584ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y<x}" loading="lazy"></span></li></ul>
<p>erfüllt ist, dann nennt man <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b8a6208ec717213d4317e666f1ae872e00620a0d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.155ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y}" loading="lazy"></span> in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f82cade9898ced02fdd08712e5f0c0151758a0dd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.442ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M}" loading="lazy"></span> unter der Ordnungsrelation <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle <,=,>}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo><</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle <,=,>}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7bf76cfb5d28ab9ebd34657afbbf2c22b5e193c0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.492ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle <,=,>}" loading="lazy"></span> <b>vergleichbar</b>.
Eine Ordnungsrelation, bei der jedes Element mit jedem vergleichbar ist, nennt man eine <b>totale</b> Ordnungsrelation.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quasiordnung">Quasiordnung</h2></div>
<div class="hauptartikel" role="navigation"><span class="hauptartikel-pfeil" title="siehe" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">→ </span><i><span class="hauptartikel-text">Hauptartikel</span>: <a href="Quasiordnung" title="Quasiordnung">Quasiordnung</a></i></div>
<p>Eine Quasiordnung ist eine <i>transitive</i> und <i>reflexive</i> Relation.
</p><p><b>Beispiel:</b>
</p><p>Für <a href="Komplexe_Zahlen" class="mw-redirect" title="Komplexe Zahlen">komplexe Zahlen</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a,b\in \mathbb {C} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a,b\in \mathbb {C} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/084d8fe36677ad2f908acc909b6ff59d9e9964dc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.78ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a,b\in \mathbb {C} }" loading="lazy"></span> ist die über den <a href="Absoluter_Betrag" class="mw-redirect" title="Absoluter Betrag">Absolutbetrag</a> durch „<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a\leq b,{\text{ falls }}|a|\leq |b|}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtext> falls </mtext>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a\leq b,{\text{ falls }}|a|\leq |b|}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/197b41ce22c69a33e0898436c9497162dfdcb360.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:19.519ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a\leq b,{\text{ falls }}|a|\leq |b|}" loading="lazy"></span>“ festgelegte Relation eine Quasiordnung.
</p><p>Diese Quasiordnung ist <i>nicht</i> antisymmetrisch – also keine Halbordnung, denn betragsgleiche Zahlen müssen nicht identisch sein.
</p><p>Jedoch handelt es sich um eine <i>totale</i> Quasiordnung, da je zwei Elemente vergleichbar sind.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Halbordnung">Halbordnung</h2></div>
<p>Eine <b>Halbordnung</b> – auch <i>Partialordnung</i>, <i>partielle Ordnung</i> oder <i>Teilordnung</i> genannt – ist eine <i>reflexive</i>, <i>antisymmetrische</i> und <i>transitive</i> Relation. Sie ist im Allgemeinen <i>nicht total</i>, d. h. nicht jedes Element steht notwendigerweise in Relation zu allen anderen Elementen.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Eine Halbordnung erfüllt somit für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x,y,z\in M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x,y,z\in M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ba283a127121ad64c98d3f69ced0ac4a86ec6414.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.924ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x,y,z\in M}" loading="lazy"></span>:
</p>
<table style="text-align:left">
<tbody><tr>
<td>
<ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\leq x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\leq x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/96a5929024fa38cfa940f872cbaba86a7a3b2097.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:5.758ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\leq x}" loading="lazy"></span></li></ul>
</td>
<td>(Reflexivität)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\leq y\land y\leq x\;\Longrightarrow \;x=y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>∧<!-- ∧ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo stretchy="false">⟹<!-- ⟹ --></mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\leq y\land y\leq x\;\Longrightarrow \;x=y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b7933a75c9320bc1a9b102b1511625288db370b0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:25.72ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\leq y\land y\leq x\;\Longrightarrow \;x=y}" loading="lazy"></span></li></ul>
</td>
<td>(Antisymmetrie)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:20em">
<ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\leq y\land y\leq z\;\Longrightarrow \;x\leq z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>∧<!-- ∧ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo stretchy="false">⟹<!-- ⟹ --></mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\leq y\land y\leq z\;\Longrightarrow \;x\leq z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ff786f4960cf4eda9a3e2d6ef801c2057e6e5971.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:25.411ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\leq y\land y\leq z\;\Longrightarrow \;x\leq z}" loading="lazy"></span></li></ul>
</td>
<td>(Transitivität)
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Eine Menge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f82cade9898ced02fdd08712e5f0c0151758a0dd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.442ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M}" loading="lazy"></span>, auf der eine Halbordnung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \leq }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \leq }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/440568a09c3bfdf0e1278bfa79eb137c04e94035.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \leq }" loading="lazy"></span> definiert ist, wird <b>halbgeordnete Menge</b> genannt.
Die Umkehrrelation einer Halbordnung
</p>
<ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y\preceq x\;:\Longleftrightarrow \;x\leq y}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>⪯<!-- ⪯ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>:⟺<!-- ⟺ --></mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y\preceq x\;:\Longleftrightarrow \;x\leq y}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d21ea998bc0955d731734a7019044da785068aba.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:18.711ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y\preceq x\;:\Longleftrightarrow \;x\leq y}" loading="lazy"></span></li></ul>
<p>ist wiederum eine Halbordnung.
</p><p>Halbordnungen können in <a href="Hasse-Diagramm" title="Hasse-Diagramm">Hasse-Diagrammen</a> visualisiert werden. Eine Teilmenge einer halbgeordneten Menge heißt <b>Oberhalbmenge</b>, wenn sie zu jedem ihrer Elemente auch alle nachfolgenden Elemente (also alle, die rechts vom Relationssymbol stehen könnten) enthält.
</p><p>Mit Hilfe des <a href="Auswahlaxiom" title="Auswahlaxiom">Auswahlaxioms</a> kann man beweisen, dass jede Halbordnung in eine Totalordnung eingebettet werden kann. Für endliche Mengen muss man das Auswahlaxiom nicht voraussetzen, und in diesem Fall gibt es zur Konstruktion einer solchen Totalordnung auch explizite Algorithmen (siehe <a href="Topologische_Sortierung" title="Topologische Sortierung">Topologische Sortierung</a>).
</p><p><b>Beispiele:</b>
</p><p>Die <a href="Teilmenge" title="Teilmenge">Teilmengenbeziehung</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \subseteq }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>⊆<!-- ⊆ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \subseteq }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a924f8dcb2847bb8871edfdbf4c6b5cca0669228.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \subseteq }" loading="lazy"></span> auf einem <a href="Mengensystem" title="Mengensystem">Mengensystem</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {M}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">M</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {M}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a3f96ea04db56741bbd5dc610098968f3a7a9c00.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.44ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {M}}}" loading="lazy"></span> ist eine Halbordnung, denn sie ist
</p>
<ul><li><a href="Transitive_Relation" title="Transitive Relation">transitiv</a>, da jede Teilmenge einer Teilmenge von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>C</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4fc55753007cd3c18576f7933f6f089196732029.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.766ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C}" loading="lazy"></span> auch Teilmenge von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>C</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4fc55753007cd3c18576f7933f6f089196732029.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.766ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C}" loading="lazy"></span> ist:</li></ul>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A\subseteq B\subseteq C\ \Longrightarrow \ A\subseteq C\;\;}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>⊆<!-- ⊆ --></mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>⊆<!-- ⊆ --></mo>
<mi>C</mi>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mo stretchy="false">⟹<!-- ⟹ --></mo>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>⊆<!-- ⊆ --></mo>
<mi>C</mi>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A\subseteq B\subseteq C\ \Longrightarrow \ A\subseteq C\;\;}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e7a0c645516546ee12dd31c6dbf2e4c043bcb19b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:25.626ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A\subseteq B\subseteq C\ \Longrightarrow \ A\subseteq C\;\;}" loading="lazy"></span> für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A,B,C\in {\mathfrak {M}};}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>C</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">M</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>;</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A,B,C\in {\mathfrak {M}};}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/89c815223d5661fb3551a53057660783d31e68e8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.269ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A,B,C\in {\mathfrak {M}};}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<ul><li><a href="Reflexive_Relation" title="Reflexive Relation">reflexiv</a>, da jede Menge eine Teilmenge ihrer selbst ist:</li></ul>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A\subseteq A\ }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>⊆<!-- ⊆ --></mo>
<mi>A</mi>
<mtext> </mtext>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A\subseteq A\ }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/884a22094c0f29b22f25c6d3a6c5f121296884ca.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:7.165ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A\subseteq A\ }" loading="lazy"></span> für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A\in {\mathfrak {M}};}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">M</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>;</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A\in {\mathfrak {M}};}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a495feb326e5f2c5924d7b00c47eea6479cc2337.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.67ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A\in {\mathfrak {M}};}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<ul><li>und <a href="Antisymmetrische_Relation" title="Antisymmetrische Relation">antisymmetrisch</a>, da nur <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>A</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}" loading="lazy"></span> selbst sowohl Teilmenge als auch Obermenge von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>A</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}" loading="lazy"></span> ist:</li></ul>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A\subseteq B\ \wedge \ B\subseteq A\ \Longrightarrow \ A=B\;\;}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>⊆<!-- ⊆ --></mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mo>∧<!-- ∧ --></mo>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>⊆<!-- ⊆ --></mo>
<mi>A</mi>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mo stretchy="false">⟹<!-- ⟹ --></mo>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A\subseteq B\ \wedge \ B\subseteq A\ \Longrightarrow \ A=B\;\;}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0ac86c9f986c0217241cddcf6adc9852dd88939b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:31.108ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A\subseteq B\ \wedge \ B\subseteq A\ \Longrightarrow \ A=B\;\;}" loading="lazy"></span> für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A,B\in {\mathfrak {M}}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="fraktur">M</mi>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A,B\in {\mathfrak {M}}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7a76794cd5be3017b62530469c88cfb67c94f492.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.468ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A,B\in {\mathfrak {M}}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Weitere Beispiele:
</p>
<ol><li><span id="kompo"></span><i>komponentenweise-kleiner-oder-gleich</i>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \leq ^{n}:}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>:</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \leq ^{n}:}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a793f5acbbf28c356812077a094b7e5bc8bcc87e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:3.673ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \leq ^{n}:}" loading="lazy"></span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Für eine fest gewählte natürliche Zahl <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span> und zwei Tupel aus einer Menge von <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="N-Tupel" class="mw-redirect" title="N-Tupel"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span>-Tupeln</a></span> gilt:
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\left(a_{1},a_{2},\ldots ,a_{n}\right)}\leq ^{n}{\left(b_{1},b_{2},\ldots ,b_{n}\right)}\ :\Longleftrightarrow \ a_{i}\leq b_{i}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mo>:⟺<!-- ⟺ --></mo>
<mtext> </mtext>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\left(a_{1},a_{2},\ldots ,a_{n}\right)}\leq ^{n}{\left(b_{1},b_{2},\ldots ,b_{n}\right)}\ :\Longleftrightarrow \ a_{i}\leq b_{i}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c9b35c83471414d7cb33f73fd2d01e06009b77cf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:48.036ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\left(a_{1},a_{2},\ldots ,a_{n}\right)}\leq ^{n}{\left(b_{1},b_{2},\ldots ,b_{n}\right)}\ :\Longleftrightarrow \ a_{i}\leq b_{i}}" loading="lazy"></span> für jedes <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle i=1,2,\ldots ,n;}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>;</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle i=1,2,\ldots ,n;}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4554fabfae86be09c2dac4ececca159b5b088925.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:14.48ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle i=1,2,\ldots ,n;}" loading="lazy"></span><br>Dies ist ein Spezialfall einer von einem <a href="Kegel_(Lineare_Algebra)" title="Kegel (Lineare Algebra)">Kegel</a> induzierten Halbordnung, die zu dem Begriff der sogenannten <a href="Verallgemeinerte_Ungleichung" title="Verallgemeinerte Ungleichung">verallgemeinerten Ungleichungen</a> führt, die eine wichtige Rolle in der Optimierung spielen.</dd></dl></li>
<li>Die <a href="Teilbarkeit" title="Teilbarkeit">Teilt-Relation <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mid }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>∣<!-- ∣ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mid }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8f7b2136e276c4aec285a6c40b91180c16432b9b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:0.647ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mid }" loading="lazy"></span></a> in der Menge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {N} _{0},}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {N} _{0},}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/77e71e60dbbde7b8f6e0c432491f72ac8bff0007.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.379ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {N} _{0},}" loading="lazy"></span> erklärt etwa durch
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a\mid b\ :\Longleftrightarrow \ \exists ~k\in \mathbb {N} _{0}\colon \ a\cdot k=b\quad }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>∣<!-- ∣ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mo>:⟺<!-- ⟺ --></mo>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∃<!-- ∃ --></mi>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a\mid b\ :\Longleftrightarrow \ \exists ~k\in \mathbb {N} _{0}\colon \ a\cdot k=b\quad }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/48829379b68817f71a57ccfbfd644bdd48e6843d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:32.39ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a\mid b\ :\Longleftrightarrow \ \exists ~k\in \mathbb {N} _{0}\colon \ a\cdot k=b\quad }" loading="lazy"></span><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (a,b\in \mathbb {N} _{0}).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msub>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (a,b\in \mathbb {N} _{0}).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0befbf69c6e27d149506088cc62041705b3cacdc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.29ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (a,b\in \mathbb {N} _{0}).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></li>
<li><a href="Stochastische_Ordnung" title="Stochastische Ordnung">Stochastische Ordnung</a></li>
<li><a href="Pareto-Ordnung" class="mw-redirect" title="Pareto-Ordnung">Pareto-Ordnung</a></li></ol>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strenge_Halbordnung">Strenge Halbordnung</h3></div>
<p>So wie sich die <i>strenge</i> Totalordnung von der Totalordnung dadurch unterscheidet, dass Reflexivität und Antisymmetrie durch Irreflexivität ersetzt werden, so wird eine <b>strenge Halbordnung</b> durch Irreflexivität und Transitivität bestimmt. Wie bei der strengen Totalordnung fällt bei der strengen Halbordnung der Gleichheitsstrich in der Notation weg oder wird gar durch ein Ungleichzeichen ersetzt. Ein Beispiel ist die Relation „echte Teilmenge“ bei den Mengen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intervalle">Intervalle</h3></div>
<p>Mit einem Ordnungsbegriff <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \leq }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \leq }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/440568a09c3bfdf0e1278bfa79eb137c04e94035.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \leq }" loading="lazy"></span> lässt sich der Begriff des <a href="Intervall_(Mathematik)" title="Intervall (Mathematik)">Intervalls</a> bilden.<sup id="cite_ref-nLab_interval_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nLab_interval-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a\in M,b\in M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a\in M,b\in M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cabe89b43fba45221635bc11490a209b61c05d86.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.827ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a\in M,b\in M}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\in M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\in M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9df57d73e9532bb93a1439890bcddbc2806f5859.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.613ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\in M}" loading="lazy"></span> sei also
</p>
<table style="text-align:left">
<tbody><tr>
<td>
<p>abgeschlossenes Intervall:
</p>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c4b788fc5c637e26ee98b45f89a5c08c85f7935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M\mid a\leq x\leq b\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>:=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo>∣<!-- ∣ --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M\mid a\leq x\leq b\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2d27558da905b16aece916ef7742cd85a6a4f09a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:23.729ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M\mid a\leq x\leq b\}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>offenes Intervall:
</p>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (a,b)\equiv {]{a,b}[}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≡<!-- ≡ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (a,b)\equiv {]{a,b}[}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8c08f5a778dcf1a55bd5fe5beb87448a6b29cdcb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.724ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (a,b)\equiv {]{a,b}[}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M\mid a<x<b\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>:=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo>∣<!-- ∣ --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M\mid a<x<b\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/47916195ca69bd3ca7ecce6baf22ee21cfb93d32.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:23.729ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M\mid a<x<b\}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>halboffenes (genauer rechtsoffenes) Intervall:
</p>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b)\equiv {[{a,b}[}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≡<!-- ≡ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b)\equiv {[{a,b}[}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/081be1b0136a017a4ea283b76dfb8ed064cd86c5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.466ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b)\equiv {[{a,b}[}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M\mid a\leq x<b\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>:=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo>∣<!-- ∣ --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M\mid a\leq x<b\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1c6b4c32386dfc1df705c0bd3137bbb8ab91ee20.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:23.729ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M\mid a\leq x<b\}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>halboffenes (genauer linksoffenes) Intervall:
</p>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (a,b]\equiv {]{a,b}]}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo>≡<!-- ≡ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (a,b]\equiv {]{a,b}]}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/47cf0b41534136dfcc8ad1fe7378339a6dcd3331.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.466ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (a,b]\equiv {]{a,b}]}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M\mid a<x\leq b\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>:=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo>∣<!-- ∣ --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M\mid a<x\leq b\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6a766ea365184847a6b6be4775deae3effdaffa5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:23.729ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M\mid a<x\leq b\}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>rechtsseitig unendliches abgeschlossenes Intervall:
</p>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,\infty )\equiv {[{a,\infty }[}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≡<!-- ≡ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,\infty )\equiv {[{a,\infty }[}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/eb9230c517c293a7fdcb876ec8264807b56c2413.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:15.119ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,\infty )\equiv {[{a,\infty }[}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M\mid a\leq x\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>:=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo>∣<!-- ∣ --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M\mid a\leq x\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/23ffd4cdc91b10553bd9cdd9d93e10e9f4d341c6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:19.633ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M\mid a\leq x\}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>rechtsseitig unendliches offenes Intervall:
</p>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (a,\infty )\equiv {]{a,\infty }[}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≡<!-- ≡ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (a,\infty )\equiv {]{a,\infty }[}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/db8d6686dbc5ffa7c5864addd7fb031577acc141.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:15.376ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (a,\infty )\equiv {]{a,\infty }[}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M\mid a<x\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>:=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo>∣<!-- ∣ --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M\mid a<x\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/50d59c28f565caaecb4047f4eac9adb15dd9eadc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:19.633ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M\mid a<x\}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>linksseitig unendliches abgeschlossenes Intervall:
</p>
</td>
<td style="width:12em"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (-\infty ,b]\equiv {]{-\infty ,b}]}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo>≡<!-- ≡ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (-\infty ,b]\equiv {]{-\infty ,b}]}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f2f6d5d75bdb5d24f993546531962cfd3039eaee.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.27ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (-\infty ,b]\equiv {]{-\infty ,b}]}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M\mid x\leq b\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>:=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo>∣<!-- ∣ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M\mid x\leq b\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7c3aed8cac9ada1378a16a76f0b48e3ae91d82cc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:19.4ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M\mid x\leq b\}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>linksseitig unendliches offenes Intervall:
</p>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (-\infty ,b)\equiv {]{-\infty ,b}[}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≡<!-- ≡ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (-\infty ,b)\equiv {]{-\infty ,b}[}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e71bd121219b89decf754e5f95300979a4b09c43.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.528ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (-\infty ,b)\equiv {]{-\infty ,b}[}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M\mid x<b\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>:=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo>∣<!-- ∣ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M\mid x<b\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bbf8686928b058b175ea0263363f38b7fda3ab6c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:19.4ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M\mid x<b\}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>beidseitig unendliches offenes (und zugleich abgeschlossenes) Intervall:
</p>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (\infty ,\infty )\equiv {]{\infty ,\infty }[}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≡<!-- ≡ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (\infty ,\infty )\equiv {]{\infty ,\infty }[}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b14921a6e4032ffba8a1f0d298b406eca971974d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:17.564ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (\infty ,\infty )\equiv {]{\infty ,\infty }[}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle :=M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>:=</mo>
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle :=M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/082c624461ed24af41ef924fa94e8cb496473449.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.542ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle :=M}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Die Begriffe „abgeschlossen“, „offen“, „rechts“ und „links“ stammen vom Fall <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M=\mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M=\mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/da97f039ceb84c5ff7bd941bd0e79b05739b64bf.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.219ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M=\mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span> ab.
</p><p>Man beachte, dass man im Fall einer Halbordnung wegen fehlender Totalität „oft“ leere Intervalle erhält (im Fall einer Quasiordnung „oft mehr“, etwa ganze Kreisscheiben oder Kugelschalen).
</p><p>Im Zusammenhang mit gewissen Anwendungen eindimensionaler Intervalle können Konkretisierungen entsprechender Halbordnungen untersucht werden, die insbesondere in der englischsprachigen Literatur als Semiordnungen (Semiorder) und Intervallordnungen (Interval order) bezeichnet werden. Hierbei stehen die Aspekte überlappender Intervalle und gegebenenfalls vorliegender Intransitivität der Indifferenz im Mittelpunkt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weitere_Anwendung_der_Halbordnung">Weitere Anwendung der Halbordnung</h3></div>
<p>Um den Grad der Vorsortiertheit einer Menge zu messen, kann man die Anzahl der möglichen Fortsetzungen einer Halbordnung zu einer <i>linearen Ordnung</i> angeben. Ist beispielsweise die geordnete Menge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (X,\leq )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (X,\leq )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/05986ce35d21b64f59206cb040c9c1607dae82b8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.631ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (X,\leq )}" loading="lazy"></span> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X=\{a,b,c\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>X</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>c</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X=\{a,b,c\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/36964a6c0376aed739ef2645a5ff6a8d659744d9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.705ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X=\{a,b,c\}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a\leq b}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a\leq b}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/41558abc50886fdf38817495b243958d7b3dd39b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:5.326ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a\leq b}" loading="lazy"></span> gegeben, so gibt es drei mögliche Fortsetzungen: <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a\leq b\leq c}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>c</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a\leq b\leq c}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8ecf29cf0536386cb4eae22236d6639ba33c3575.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:9.431ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a\leq b\leq c}" loading="lazy"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a\leq c\leq b}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>c</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a\leq c\leq b}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0237e9e350cf9f70d64b1d857c4837f640318fbb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:9.431ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a\leq c\leq b}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c\leq a\leq b}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>c</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c\leq a\leq b}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/df6ba28e0cf85aa2d77dc6836dc62289a857142d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:9.431ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c\leq a\leq b}" loading="lazy"></span>. Der Grad der Vorsortiertheit ist also in diesem Fall <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle e(\leq )=3}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>e</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle e(\leq )=3}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ab0fc9996921b761ad0c9a8b5f02f2aed99c167a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.962ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle e(\leq )=3}" loading="lazy"></span>. Das Sortierverfahren <a href="Mergesort#Natural_Mergesort" title="Mergesort">Natural Mergesort</a> nutzt vorsortierte Teilstücke für eine vollständige Sortierung der Menge.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vorgänger_und_Nachfolger"><span id="Vorg.C3.A4nger_und_Nachfolger"></span>Vorgänger und Nachfolger</h3></div>
<div class="hauptartikel" role="navigation"><span class="hauptartikel-pfeil" title="siehe" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">→ </span><i><span class="hauptartikel-text">Hauptartikel</span>: <a href="Nachfolger_(Mathematik)" title="Nachfolger (Mathematik)">Vorgänger und Nachfolger (Mathematik)</a></i></div>
<p>Sei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \leq }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \leq }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/440568a09c3bfdf0e1278bfa79eb137c04e94035.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \leq }" loading="lazy"></span> eine (schwache) totale (oder partielle) Ordnung auf der Menge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f82cade9898ced02fdd08712e5f0c0151758a0dd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.442ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M}" loading="lazy"></span>. Für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x,z\in M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x,z\in M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3cd1e7155a00612959683e0316626957b3d04605.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.735ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x,z\in M}" loading="lazy"></span> mit
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\leq z\land x\neq z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>∧<!-- ∧ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≠<!-- ≠ --></mo>
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\leq z\land x\neq z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ce35705f6169841f8bde1e2673717d655b14e64e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:13.615ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\leq z\land x\neq z}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>heißt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span> ein <b>Vorgänger</b> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bf368e72c009decd9b6686ee84a375632e11de98.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.088ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z}" loading="lazy"></span>, und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bf368e72c009decd9b6686ee84a375632e11de98.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.088ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z}" loading="lazy"></span> ein <b>Nachfolger</b> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span>. Wenn es kein <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y\in M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y\in M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a791cf1205a293bb7b42ae3618fbc376acd4b52a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.438ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y\in M}" loading="lazy"></span> gibt mit
</p>
<dl><dd><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\leq y\land x\neq y\land y\leq z\land y\neq z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>∧<!-- ∧ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≠<!-- ≠ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>∧<!-- ∧ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>∧<!-- ∧ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>≠<!-- ≠ --></mo>
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\leq y\land x\neq y\land y\leq z\land y\neq z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3dabbec51df1ee36167110c5bfc261d0ad3e21e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:29.599ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\leq y\land x\neq y\land y\leq z\land y\neq z}" loading="lazy"></span>,</span></dd></dl>
<p>dann heißt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span> der <b>direkte</b> (auch <b>unmittelbare</b>) <b>Vorgänger</b> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bf368e72c009decd9b6686ee84a375632e11de98.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.088ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z}" loading="lazy"></span>, und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bf368e72c009decd9b6686ee84a375632e11de98.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.088ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z}" loading="lazy"></span> der <b>direkte</b> (bzw. <b>unmittelbare</b>) <b>Nachfolger</b> von <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span>.</span> <sup id="cite_ref-WPetersen93+90_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPetersen93+90-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Für eine <b>starke</b> (gleichbedeutend: <b>strikte</b>) totale (oder partielle) Ordnung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle <}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo><</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle <}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/33737c89a17785dacc8638b4d66db3d5c8670de1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.808ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle <}" loading="lazy"></span> auf <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f82cade9898ced02fdd08712e5f0c0151758a0dd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.442ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M}" loading="lazy"></span> gilt formal ebenfalls die obige Definition (mit Notation <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle <}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo><</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle <}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/33737c89a17785dacc8638b4d66db3d5c8670de1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.808ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle <}" loading="lazy"></span> anstelle von <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \leq }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \leq }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/440568a09c3bfdf0e1278bfa79eb137c04e94035.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \leq }" loading="lazy"></span>).</span> <sup id="cite_ref-WPetersen93+90_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPetersen93+90-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Kriterien können in diesem Fall jedoch wie folgt vereinfacht werden:
</p><p>Sei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle <}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo><</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle <}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/33737c89a17785dacc8638b4d66db3d5c8670de1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.808ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle <}" loading="lazy"></span> auf der Menge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f82cade9898ced02fdd08712e5f0c0151758a0dd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.442ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M}" loading="lazy"></span>. Für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x,z\in M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x,z\in M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3cd1e7155a00612959683e0316626957b3d04605.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.735ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x,z\in M}" loading="lazy"></span> mit
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x<z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x<z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fef9d28e745a05b0f1d25ac92860e9185d8d8514.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.516ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x<z}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>heißt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span> ein <b>Vorgänger</b> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bf368e72c009decd9b6686ee84a375632e11de98.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.088ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bf368e72c009decd9b6686ee84a375632e11de98.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.088ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z}" loading="lazy"></span> ein <b>Nachfolger</b> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span>. Wenn es kein <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y\in M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y\in M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a791cf1205a293bb7b42ae3618fbc376acd4b52a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.438ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y\in M}" loading="lazy"></span> gibt mit
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x<y<z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x<y<z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/99aa3f90bea196be9287e0b2a4956da02770649e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.77ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x<y<z}" loading="lazy"></span> (d. h. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x<y\land y<z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>∧<!-- ∧ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x<y\land y<z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a81824e1010af5c7b66c9e99bddd7056b8bf7aa8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.508ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x<y\land y<z}" loading="lazy"></span>),</span></dd></dl>
<p>dann heißt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span> der <b>direkte</b> (auch <b>unmittelbare</b>) <b>Vorgänger</b> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bf368e72c009decd9b6686ee84a375632e11de98.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.088ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle z}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>z</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle z}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bf368e72c009decd9b6686ee84a375632e11de98.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.088ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle z}" loading="lazy"></span> der <b>direkte</b> (bzw. <b>unmittelbare</b>) <b>Nachfolger</b> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minimale,_maximale_und_andere_Elemente"><span id="Minimale.2C_maximale_und_andere_Elemente"></span>Minimale, maximale und andere Elemente</h3></div>
<p>Sei <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}" loading="lazy"></span> eine Teilmenge einer halbgeordneten Menge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>P</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b4dc73bf40314945ff376bd363916a738548d40a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.745ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P}" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p><p>Wenn <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m\in T}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>T</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m\in T}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/83db24460990887de2bff5336e1c1e0921874b62.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.517ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m\in T}" loading="lazy"></span> die Eigenschaft hat, dass es kein <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\in T}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>T</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\in T}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c7c507e969d5146c8e2343bb2bc383a3b13b1a6a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.807ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\in T}" loading="lazy"></span> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x<m}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>m</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x<m}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8b58a529708af4dd574c3bfc66e3a9c85abbe4e9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.469ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x<m}" loading="lazy"></span> gibt, dann heißt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>m</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0a07d98bb302f3856cbabc47b2b9016692e3f7bc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.04ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m}" loading="lazy"></span> <i><a href="Minimales_Element" class="mw-redirect" title="Minimales Element">minimales Element</a></i> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}" loading="lazy"></span>. Falls es ein Element <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m\in T}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>T</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m\in T}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/83db24460990887de2bff5336e1c1e0921874b62.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.517ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m\in T}" loading="lazy"></span> gibt, das <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m\leq x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m\leq x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e3b68ff61b3555fb669f3cf2cf7338ff378839a3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:6.469ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m\leq x}" loading="lazy"></span> für alle Elemente <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\in T}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>T</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\in T}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c7c507e969d5146c8e2343bb2bc383a3b13b1a6a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.807ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\in T}" loading="lazy"></span> erfüllt, dann heißt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>m</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0a07d98bb302f3856cbabc47b2b9016692e3f7bc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.04ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m}" loading="lazy"></span> das <a href="Gr%C3%B6%C3%9Ftes_und_kleinstes_Element" title="Größtes und kleinstes Element">kleinste Element</a> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}" loading="lazy"></span>. Ein kleinstes Element von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}" loading="lazy"></span> (wenn es das gibt; z. B. hat die Menge der ganzen Zahlen kein kleinstes Element) ist immer eindeutig bestimmt (wegen der Antisymmetrie) und natürlich auch minimal. In einer Totalordnung bedeuten „kleinstes Element“ und „minimales Element“ dasselbe, aber in allgemeinen Halbordnungen kann eine Menge mehrere minimale Elemente haben, von denen dann keines das kleinste ist.
</p><p>Es kann sogar vorkommen, dass eine (unendliche) Menge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}" loading="lazy"></span> zwar ein einziges minimales Element hat, dieses aber nicht das kleinste Element der Menge ist (dann hat <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}" loading="lazy"></span> kein kleinstes Element). Beispiel:
</p>
<dl><dd>In <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M:=\{[0,a]\mid 0<a<1\}\cup \{\{2\}\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo>∣<!-- ∣ --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
<mo>∪<!-- ∪ --></mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M:=\{[0,a]\mid 0<a<1\}\cup \{\{2\}\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c948dccd60e079b949e319d9b5a630a7f4cea282.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:33.316ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M:=\{[0,a]\mid 0<a<1\}\cup \{\{2\}\}}" loading="lazy"></span>, versehen mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \subseteq }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>⊆<!-- ⊆ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \subseteq }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a924f8dcb2847bb8871edfdbf4c6b5cca0669228.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \subseteq }" loading="lazy"></span> als Halbordnung, ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \{2\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \{2\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/576fb9c086cdbca453a35f763e7689f7186e21a8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.487ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \{2\}}" loading="lazy"></span> ein minimales Element, sogar das einzige, aber nicht das kleinste, da <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \{2\}\subseteq A}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
<mo>⊆<!-- ⊆ --></mo>
<mi>A</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \{2\}\subseteq A}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d1286d970d9bcf52d747ffc1be556abf917ba804.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.329ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \{2\}\subseteq A}" loading="lazy"></span> nicht für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A\in M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A\in M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8fe86237e5e79d50060e45c91e07094189eda567.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.026ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A\in M}" loading="lazy"></span> gilt.</dd></dl>
<p>Wenn <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}" loading="lazy"></span> eine Teilmenge von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>P</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b4dc73bf40314945ff376bd363916a738548d40a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.745ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P}" loading="lazy"></span> ist und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p\in P}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>p</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>P</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p\in P}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f4dc1da33d78a2bdae06c9edff726feb126dae34.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:5.845ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p\in P}" loading="lazy"></span> die Eigenschaft hat, dass für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle t\in T}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>T</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle t\in T}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b4fe93f70df3818ecca67c2ca44f087483951856.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.317ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle t\in T}" loading="lazy"></span> die Beziehung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p\leq t}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>p</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>t</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p\leq t}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/546d1248e0c48598b919d1cb726872b32bac07c9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:5.197ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p\leq t}" loading="lazy"></span> gilt, dann heißt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>p</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/81eac1e205430d1f40810df36a0edffdc367af36.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.259ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p}" loading="lazy"></span> eine <i>untere Schranke</i> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}" loading="lazy"></span>. (<span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>p</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/81eac1e205430d1f40810df36a0edffdc367af36.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:1.259ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p}" loading="lazy"></span> kann, muss aber nicht Element von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}" loading="lazy"></span> sein.) Wenn es eine größte untere Schranke der Menge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}" loading="lazy"></span> gibt, dann nennt man diese auch die <i>untere Grenze</i> oder das <i><a href="Infimum" class="mw-redirect" title="Infimum">Infimum</a></i> von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}" loading="lazy"></span>. Eine untere Schranke ist also kleiner als das oder gleich dem Infimum.
</p><p>Analog sind die Begriffe <i><a href="Maximales_Element" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximales Element">maximales Element</a></i>, <i>größtes Element</i>, <i>obere Schranke</i> und <i>obere Grenze</i> bzw. <i><a href="Supremum" class="mw-redirect" title="Supremum">Supremum</a></i> definiert.
</p><p>Eine Menge, die sowohl eine obere als auch eine untere Schranke hat, heißt <i>beschränkt</i>. (Analog sind „nach oben beschränkt“ und „nach unten beschränkt“ definiert.)
</p><p>Man nennt eine <a href="Funktion_(Mathematik)" title="Funktion (Mathematik)">Funktion</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span>, die eine beliebige Menge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>X</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/68baa052181f707c662844a465bfeeb135e82bab.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.98ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X}" loading="lazy"></span> in eine halb- oder total geordnete Menge (siehe unten) <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>P</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b4dc73bf40314945ff376bd363916a738548d40a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.745ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P}" loading="lazy"></span> abbildet, <i>beschränkt</i>, wenn die Menge der Funktionswerte beschränkt ist, also wenn es ein <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p\in P}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>p</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>P</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p\in P}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f4dc1da33d78a2bdae06c9edff726feb126dae34.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:5.845ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p\in P}" loading="lazy"></span> und ein <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q\in P}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>q</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>P</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q\in P}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3b676a30fd814b47694348886f18f22d7d884c46.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.656ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q\in P}" loading="lazy"></span> gibt, sodass für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\in X}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>X</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\in X}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3e580967f68f36743e894aa7944f032dda6ea01d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.15ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\in X}" loading="lazy"></span>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p\leq f(x)\leq q}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>p</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>q</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p\leq f(x)\leq q}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fcce10f7e792e52ed17e7583bdd8cffc261cc90d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:12.943ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p\leq f(x)\leq q}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>gilt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lokal_endliche_Halbordnung">Lokal endliche Halbordnung</h3></div>
<p>Eine Halbordnung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (M,\leq )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (M,\leq )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cf40aedf9d6403c5cfdbb5710ae07a2865757f56.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.094ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (M,\leq )}" loading="lazy"></span> heißt <i>lokal endlich</i> oder <a href="Kausalmenge" title="Kausalmenge">Kausalmenge</a> (<span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a></span> <span lang="en-Latn" style="font-style:italic">causals set</span>, kurz <span lang="en"><i>causet</i></span>), wenn jedes <a href="Intervall_(Mathematik)" title="Intervall (Mathematik)">Intervall</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [x,y]:=\{z\in M:x\leq z\leq y\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo>:</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [x,y]:=\{z\in M:x\leq z\leq y\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/db5aa20aa9a1cf92456b108e3bc42c42f9ff25bd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:28.961ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [x,y]:=\{z\in M:x\leq z\leq y\}}" loading="lazy"></span> eine <a href="Endliche_Menge" title="Endliche Menge">endliche Menge</a> ist. Die Kausalmengentheorie untersucht die Einbettung von Kausalmengen in <a href="Lorentzsche_Mannigfaltigkeit" title="Lorentzsche Mannigfaltigkeit">Lorentzsche Mannigfaltigkeiten</a> (ohne geschlossene <a href="Weltlinie" title="Weltlinie">Weltlinien</a>) und ist ein Modell für eine <a href="Quantengravitation" title="Quantengravitation">Quantengravitationstheorie</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Striktordnung">Striktordnung</h2></div>
<p>Eine <i>strenge Ordnung</i> oder <i>Striktordnung</i> ist <i>transitiv</i> und <i>asymmetrisch</i>. Der Begriff <i>Asymmetrie</i> fasst die Begriffe <i>Irreflexivität</i> und <i>Antisymmetrie</i> zusammen. <i>Irreflexivität</i> unterscheidet die <i>Striktordnung</i> von der <i>Halbordnung</i> und bedeutet, dass kein Element zu sich selbst in Beziehung steht. Eine Striktordnung ist also <i>transitiv</i>, <i>irreflexiv</i> und <i>antisymmetrisch.</i>
</p><p>Beispiele:
</p>
<ul><li>Die Relation „(echt) kleiner“ auf <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/786849c765da7a84dbc3cce43e96aad58a5868dc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span></li>
<li>die Relation „Echte Teilmenge“ in einer <a href="Potenzmenge" title="Potenzmenge">Potenzmenge</a></li>
<li>die Relation „komponentenweise kleiner, aber nicht gleich“ auf dem <a href="Vektorraum" title="Vektorraum">Vektorraum</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c510b63578322050121fe966f2e5770bea43308d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.897ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}}" loading="lazy"></span>.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Strenge_schwache_Ordnung">Strenge schwache Ordnung</h2></div>
<p>Eine <i><a href="Strenge_schwache_Ordnung" title="Strenge schwache Ordnung">strenge schwache Ordnung</a></i> <i>R</i> ist eine Striktordnung, bei der zusätzlich <a href="Negative_Transitivit%C3%A4t" title="Negative Transitivität">negative Transitivität</a> gilt:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \neg aRb\land \neg bRc\Rightarrow \neg aRc}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi mathvariant="normal">¬<!-- ¬ --></mi>
<mi>a</mi>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>∧<!-- ∧ --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">¬<!-- ¬ --></mi>
<mi>b</mi>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>c</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">⇒<!-- ⇒ --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">¬<!-- ¬ --></mi>
<mi>a</mi>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>c</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \neg aRb\land \neg bRc\Rightarrow \neg aRc}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6f4b6676400de0686f227a164e09e2fa62b0d816.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:22.608ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \neg aRb\land \neg bRc\Rightarrow \neg aRc}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Eine strenge schwache Ordnung ist einer <a href="Quasiordnung#Totale_Quasiordnung" title="Quasiordnung">totalen Quasiordnung</a> <a href="Komplement_(Mengenlehre)" title="Komplement (Mengenlehre)">komplementär</a> und umgekehrt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zusammensetzung_von_Ordnungen">Zusammensetzung von Ordnungen</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kreuzprodukt">Kreuzprodukt</h3></div>
<p>Sind <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (U,<)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>U</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo><</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (U,<)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3f580e454484d15649255c2a740198e29d9e60fa.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.434ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (U,<)}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (V,\prec )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>≺<!-- ≺ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (V,\prec )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/eb2199b80fd0a49120fc793eb0d8f4fdede11525.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.439ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (V,\prec )}" loading="lazy"></span> streng geordnete Mengen, dann lässt sich auf <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U\times V}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>U</mi>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mi>V</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U\times V}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/95e44b0f84be55f63488daa04bbcf32026982a1d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.41ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U\times V}" loading="lazy"></span> die (ebenfalls strenge) Ordnungsrelation
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (u\times v)\;<\!\prec \;({\overline {u}}\times {\overline {v}})\quad :\Longleftrightarrow \ \quad (u<{\overline {u}})\land (v\prec {\overline {v}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo><</mo>
<mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>≺<!-- ≺ --></mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo accent="false">¯<!-- ¯ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo accent="false">¯<!-- ¯ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
<mo>:⟺<!-- ⟺ --></mo>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo accent="false">¯<!-- ¯ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>∧<!-- ∧ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>≺<!-- ≺ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo accent="false">¯<!-- ¯ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (u\times v)\;<\!\prec \;({\overline {u}}\times {\overline {v}})\quad :\Longleftrightarrow \ \quad (u<{\overline {u}})\land (v\prec {\overline {v}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/57f6000baca28c575f892c8739a01ca0772c91c4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:49.276ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (u\times v)\;<\!\prec \;({\overline {u}}\times {\overline {v}})\quad :\Longleftrightarrow \ \quad (u<{\overline {u}})\land (v\prec {\overline {v}})}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>definieren.
</p><p>Ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {u}}<u<{\overline {u}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo accent="false">¯<!-- ¯ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {u}}<u<{\overline {u}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4098ef365e2ba6f04a49e71f868b08a62754a2bc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.537ex; margin-bottom: -0.801ex; width:10.303ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {u}}<u<{\overline {u}}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {v}}<v\prec {\overline {v}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>≺<!-- ≺ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo accent="false">¯<!-- ¯ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {v}}<v\prec {\overline {v}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f954b8f8ee5d643cd7d486b1b3317fcb5160240e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.537ex; margin-bottom: -0.801ex; width:9.73ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {v}}<v\prec {\overline {v}}}" loading="lazy"></span>, dann ist
</p>
<ol><li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (u\times v)\;<\!\prec \;({\overline {u}}\times {\overline {v}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo><</mo>
<mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>≺<!-- ≺ --></mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo accent="false">¯<!-- ¯ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo accent="false">¯<!-- ¯ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (u\times v)\;<\!\prec \;({\overline {u}}\times {\overline {v}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9f18bc32c760eeb3862c4f45c49bdd4e3b597e1a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:20.254ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (u\times v)\;<\!\prec \;({\overline {u}}\times {\overline {v}})}" loading="lazy"></span>.<br> Aber wegen</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (u\times v)\;>\prec \;({\underline {u}}\times {\overline {v}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>>≺<!-- ≺ --></mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo accent="false">¯<!-- ¯ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (u\times v)\;>\prec \;({\underline {u}}\times {\overline {v}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9a8e6553ec7c444be03b1a012bab1e7e5a3809c2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.583ex; margin-bottom: -0.755ex; width:20.528ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (u\times v)\;>\prec \;({\underline {u}}\times {\overline {v}})}" loading="lazy"></span></li>
<li>und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (u\times v)\;<\succ \;({\overline {u}}\times {\underline {v}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo><≻<!-- ≻ --></mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo accent="false">¯<!-- ¯ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (u\times v)\;<\succ \;({\overline {u}}\times {\underline {v}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9e82bda372d5f0eeac91ee99a1b73d9b2c50b550.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.583ex; margin-bottom: -0.755ex; width:20.561ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (u\times v)\;<\succ \;({\overline {u}}\times {\underline {v}})}" loading="lazy"></span><br> sind die genannten Paare unter der Ordnungsrelation <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle <\!\prec }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo><</mo>
<mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>≺<!-- ≺ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle <\!\prec }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ac1797c1fbcc85ab6e54c537be90107d6a2da966.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.229ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle <\!\prec }" loading="lazy"></span> nicht vergleichbar.<br> Jedoch ist</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (u\times v)\;>\!\succ \;({\underline {u}}\times {\underline {v}})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>></mo>
<mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>≻<!-- ≻ --></mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (u\times v)\;>\!\succ \;({\underline {u}}\times {\underline {v}})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bb51323bde26d6ed6a63655f43fbae4a4fda094c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.583ex; margin-bottom: -0.755ex; width:20.061ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (u\times v)\;>\!\succ \;({\underline {u}}\times {\underline {v}})}" loading="lazy"></span><br> gleichwertig zu <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ({\underline {u}}\times {\underline {v}})\;<\!\prec \;(u\times v)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<munder>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>_<!-- _ --></mo>
</munder>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo><</mo>
<mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>≺<!-- ≺ --></mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>u</mi>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ({\underline {u}}\times {\underline {v}})\;<\!\prec \;(u\times v)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/32454371a8ea2d7bbbcf9eecbfa34433d2ae792a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.583ex; margin-bottom: -0.755ex; width:20.061ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ({\underline {u}}\times {\underline {v}})\;<\!\prec \;(u\times v)}" loading="lazy"></span> und vergleichbar.</li></ol>
<p>Das bedeutet insgesamt, dass eine evtl. Totalität von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (U,<)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>U</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo><</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (U,<)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3f580e454484d15649255c2a740198e29d9e60fa.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.434ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (U,<)}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (V,\prec )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>≺<!-- ≺ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (V,\prec )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/eb2199b80fd0a49120fc793eb0d8f4fdede11525.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.439ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (V,\prec )}" loading="lazy"></span> beim Kreuzprodukt verloren geht.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mehrdimensionale_Intervalle">Mehrdimensionale Intervalle</h3></div>
<p>Hat man eine geordnete Menge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (M,\leq )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (M,\leq )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cf40aedf9d6403c5cfdbb5710ae07a2865757f56.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.094ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (M,\leq )}" loading="lazy"></span>, dann lässt sich die Ordnungsrelation nach dem <a href="#kompo">oben definierten</a> Schema für „komponentenweise-kleiner-oder-gleich“ immer auf die mehrdimensionale Menge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (M^{n},\leq ^{n})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (M^{n},\leq ^{n})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/24d34c49aed21efe2de9eba7a85bb39cf3c627d4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.587ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (M^{n},\leq ^{n})}" loading="lazy"></span> erweitern, da die Transitivität der Relation <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \leq }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \leq }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/440568a09c3bfdf0e1278bfa79eb137c04e94035.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \leq }" loading="lazy"></span> durch das Hinzufügen weiterer Komponenten von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f82cade9898ced02fdd08712e5f0c0151758a0dd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.442ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M}" loading="lazy"></span> nicht verloren geht.
</p><p>Allerdings geht Totalität verloren.
Und ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \leq }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \leq }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/440568a09c3bfdf0e1278bfa79eb137c04e94035.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \leq }" loading="lazy"></span> nicht antisymmetrisch, dann ist es <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \leq ^{n}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \leq ^{n}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7160cbe2d83932b76dfe774598691eab4e087962.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:3.027ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \leq ^{n}}" loading="lazy"></span> auch nicht.
</p><p>Mit dem mehrdimensionalen Ordnungsbegriff <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \leq ^{n}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \leq ^{n}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7160cbe2d83932b76dfe774598691eab4e087962.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:3.027ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \leq ^{n}}" loading="lazy"></span> lässt sich der Begriff des <a href="Intervall_(Mathematik)" title="Intervall (Mathematik)">Intervalls</a> für Halbordnungen (wie auch für Quasiordnungen) vom Eindimensionalen auf <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n>1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n>1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ee74e1cc07e7041edf0fcbd4481f5cd32ad17b64.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.656ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n>1}" loading="lazy"></span> Dimensionen erweitern.<sup id="cite_ref-nLab_interval_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nLab_interval-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a:=\left(a_{1},a_{2},\ldots ,a_{n}\right)\in M^{n},b:=\left(b_{1},b_{2},\ldots ,b_{n}\right)\in M^{n}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a:=\left(a_{1},a_{2},\ldots ,a_{n}\right)\in M^{n},b:=\left(b_{1},b_{2},\ldots ,b_{n}\right)\in M^{n}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b17bd395102e0a932bf9a9bbbade4c1f08e01c33.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:53.247ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a:=\left(a_{1},a_{2},\ldots ,a_{n}\right)\in M^{n},b:=\left(b_{1},b_{2},\ldots ,b_{n}\right)\in M^{n}}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x:=\left(x_{1},x_{2},\ldots ,x_{n}\right)\in M^{n}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x:=\left(x_{1},x_{2},\ldots ,x_{n}\right)\in M^{n}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/32498775ba46da204a793eea89ea08c304094a14.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:26.97ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x:=\left(x_{1},x_{2},\ldots ,x_{n}\right)\in M^{n}}" loading="lazy"></span> sei also
</p>
<table style="text-align:left">
<tbody><tr>
<td>
<p>abgeschlossenes Intervall:
</p>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c4b788fc5c637e26ee98b45f89a5c08c85f7935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M^{n}\mid a\leq ^{n}x\leq ^{n}b\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>:=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>∣<!-- ∣ --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<msup>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<msup>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M^{n}\mid a\leq ^{n}x\leq ^{n}b\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8660fb2156769b4a12aa67b012ec319fb312d524.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:27.441ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M^{n}\mid a\leq ^{n}x\leq ^{n}b\}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>offenes Intervall:
</p>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (a,b)\equiv {]{a,b}[}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≡<!-- ≡ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (a,b)\equiv {]{a,b}[}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8c08f5a778dcf1a55bd5fe5beb87448a6b29cdcb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.724ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (a,b)\equiv {]{a,b}[}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M^{n}\mid a<^{n}x<^{n}b\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>:=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>∣<!-- ∣ --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<msup>
<mo><</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<msup>
<mo><</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M^{n}\mid a<^{n}x<^{n}b\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f9dd40bc1ff2b80068e78f49420e068c2f5509aa.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:27.441ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M^{n}\mid a<^{n}x<^{n}b\}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>halboffenes (genauer rechtsoffenes) Intervall:
</p>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b)\equiv {[{a,b}[}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≡<!-- ≡ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b)\equiv {[{a,b}[}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/081be1b0136a017a4ea283b76dfb8ed064cd86c5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.466ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b)\equiv {[{a,b}[}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M^{n}\mid a\leq ^{n}x<^{n}b\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>:=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>∣<!-- ∣ --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<msup>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<msup>
<mo><</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M^{n}\mid a\leq ^{n}x<^{n}b\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/31a567be797372dbce760a3995e2ab2690132633.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:27.441ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M^{n}\mid a\leq ^{n}x<^{n}b\}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>halboffenes (genauer linksoffenes) Intervall:
</p>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (a,b]\equiv {]{a,b}]}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo>≡<!-- ≡ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (a,b]\equiv {]{a,b}]}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/47cf0b41534136dfcc8ad1fe7378339a6dcd3331.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.466ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (a,b]\equiv {]{a,b}]}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M^{n}\mid a<^{n}x\leq ^{n}b\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>:=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>∣<!-- ∣ --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<msup>
<mo><</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<msup>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M^{n}\mid a<^{n}x\leq ^{n}b\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/38ccdaeb0e0a229cc7fbae451fd6447e8ff0982e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:27.441ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M^{n}\mid a<^{n}x\leq ^{n}b\}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>rechtsseitig unendliches abgeschlossenes Intervall:
</p>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,\infty )\equiv {[{a,\infty }[}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≡<!-- ≡ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,\infty )\equiv {[{a,\infty }[}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/eb9230c517c293a7fdcb876ec8264807b56c2413.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:15.119ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,\infty )\equiv {[{a,\infty }[}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M^{n}\mid a\leq ^{n}x\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>:=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>∣<!-- ∣ --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<msup>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M^{n}\mid a\leq ^{n}x\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/89ec92c303fe863be1d042da1dea23d7b28199bc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:22.126ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M^{n}\mid a\leq ^{n}x\}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>rechtsseitig unendliches offenes Intervall:
</p>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (a,\infty )\equiv {]{a,\infty }[}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≡<!-- ≡ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (a,\infty )\equiv {]{a,\infty }[}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/db8d6686dbc5ffa7c5864addd7fb031577acc141.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:15.376ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (a,\infty )\equiv {]{a,\infty }[}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M^{n}\mid a<^{n}x\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>:=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>∣<!-- ∣ --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<msup>
<mo><</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M^{n}\mid a<^{n}x\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/44bd012a22aeed13bc25ebbe664ec85faf136639.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:22.126ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M^{n}\mid a<^{n}x\}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>linksseitig unendliches abgeschlossenes Intervall:
</p>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (-\infty ,b]\equiv {]{-\infty ,b}]}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo>≡<!-- ≡ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (-\infty ,b]\equiv {]{-\infty ,b}]}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f2f6d5d75bdb5d24f993546531962cfd3039eaee.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.27ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (-\infty ,b]\equiv {]{-\infty ,b}]}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M^{n}\mid x\leq ^{n}b\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>:=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>∣<!-- ∣ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<msup>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M^{n}\mid x\leq ^{n}b\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cb68ee46d738e340347cbc39897ac3fc95c1921d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.894ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M^{n}\mid x\leq ^{n}b\}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>linksseitig unendliches offenes Intervall:
</p>
</td>
<td style="width:12em"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (-\infty ,b)\equiv {]{-\infty ,b}[}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≡<!-- ≡ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (-\infty ,b)\equiv {]{-\infty ,b}[}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e71bd121219b89decf754e5f95300979a4b09c43.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.528ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (-\infty ,b)\equiv {]{-\infty ,b}[}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M^{n}\mid x<^{n}b\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>:=</mo>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>∣<!-- ∣ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<msup>
<mo><</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M^{n}\mid x<^{n}b\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b36a144649906465201d27c2e65752e2d2245878.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.894ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle :=\{x\in M^{n}\mid x<^{n}b\}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>beidseitig unendliches offenes (und zugleich abgeschlossenes) Intervall:
</p>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (\infty ,\infty )\equiv {]{\infty ,\infty }[}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≡<!-- ≡ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∞<!-- ∞ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (\infty ,\infty )\equiv {]{\infty ,\infty }[}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b14921a6e4032ffba8a1f0d298b406eca971974d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:17.564ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (\infty ,\infty )\equiv {]{\infty ,\infty }[}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td>
<td><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle :=M^{n}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>:=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle :=M^{n}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/94775b6e9cddcdda5bc3a51c6d06eecf86ea0143.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.817ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle :=M^{n}}" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Es gibt jedoch auch mehrdimensionale Intervalle, deren Verhalten an den Rändern sich nicht bei den genannten einordnen lässt, z. B.
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \{(x_{1},x_{2})\mid a_{1}\leq x_{1}\leq b_{1}\land a_{2}<x_{2}<b_{2}\}\qquad (\subseteq [a,b])}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>∣<!-- ∣ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∧<!-- ∧ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo><</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo><</mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
<mspace width="2em"></mspace>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo>⊆<!-- ⊆ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \{(x_{1},x_{2})\mid a_{1}\leq x_{1}\leq b_{1}\land a_{2}<x_{2}<b_{2}\}\qquad (\subseteq [a,b])}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1288bcd0db93bbccb65364b8e2be5aa971812aa9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:53.752ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \{(x_{1},x_{2})\mid a_{1}\leq x_{1}\leq b_{1}\land a_{2}<x_{2}<b_{2}\}\qquad (\subseteq [a,b])}" loading="lazy"></span>,</dd></dl>
<p>wo bei der ersten Komponente <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a_{1},b_{1}]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a_{1},b_{1}]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/90b50cd52227fb045ffb69b5802b79b7b539e8d2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.663ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a_{1},b_{1}]}" loading="lazy"></span> der Rand dabei ist, bei der zweiten <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (a_{2},b_{2})}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (a_{2},b_{2})}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8eebf25545e61dd0b2385710f8ea0373a1904be3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.179ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (a_{2},b_{2})}" loading="lazy"></span> aber nicht.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Induktive_Ordnung">Induktive Ordnung</h2></div>
<p>Eine halbgeordnete Menge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (M,\leq )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (M,\leq )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cf40aedf9d6403c5cfdbb5710ae07a2865757f56.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.094ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (M,\leq )}" loading="lazy"></span> heißt <i>induktiv geordnet</i>, wenn jede linear geordnete Teilmenge von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f82cade9898ced02fdd08712e5f0c0151758a0dd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.442ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M}" loading="lazy"></span> eine obere Schranke besitzt. Sie heißt <i>streng induktiv geordnet</i>, wenn jede linear geordnete Teilmenge eine kleinste obere Schranke besitzt.
</p><p>Nach dem <a href="Lemma_von_Zorn" title="Lemma von Zorn">Lemma von Zorn</a> besitzt jede induktiv geordnete Menge ein maximales Element.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fundierte_Ordnung">Fundierte Ordnung</h2></div>
<p>Eine <i><a href="Fundierte_Menge" title="Fundierte Menge">fundierte Ordnung</a></i> ist eine Halbordnung, in der es keine unendlichen echt absteigenden Ketten gibt (oder, äquivalent formuliert: in der jede nichtleere Teilmenge ein minimales Element besitzt). Beispiel: die <a href="Teilbarkeit" title="Teilbarkeit">Teilbarkeitsbeziehung</a> | zwischen natürlichen Zahlen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wohlquasiordnung">Wohlquasiordnung</h2></div>
<p>Eine <i>Wohlquasiordnung</i> ist eine Quasiordnung mit der Eigenschaft, dass es zu jeder Folge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (p_{1},p_{2},p_{3},\ldots )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (p_{1},p_{2},p_{3},\ldots )}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0bd102764e352af2c46e52a52a1b37ce79b8399d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.305ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (p_{1},p_{2},p_{3},\ldots )}" loading="lazy"></span> zwei natürliche Zahlen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k<n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k<n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/48ab7000a6f47e3a09a79dcbe31b89272b0c1f1f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.704ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k<n}" loading="lazy"></span> gibt, so dass <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p_{k}\leq p_{n}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>p</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p_{k}\leq p_{n}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f2e1171e2162156276d222ae969251a7f0747917.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:7.834ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p_{k}\leq p_{n}}" loading="lazy"></span> gilt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wohlordnung">Wohlordnung</h2></div>
<p>Eine <i><a href="Wohlordnung" title="Wohlordnung">Wohlordnung</a></i> ist eine totale Ordnung, bei der jede nichtleere Teilmenge ein kleinstes Element besitzt. Einige Beispiele:
</p>
<ul><li>„Kleinergleich“ auf den <a href="Nat%C3%BCrliche_Zahlen" class="mw-redirect" title="Natürliche Zahlen">natürlichen Zahlen</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {N} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {N} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fdf9a96b565ea202d0f4322e9195613fb26a9bed.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {N} }" loading="lazy"></span>.</li>
<li>Die ganzen Zahlen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/449494a083e0a1fda2b61c62b2f09b6bee4633dc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.55ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} }" loading="lazy"></span> mit der Ordnung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 0<1<-1<2<-2<3<-3<\ldots }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mn>0</mn>
<mo><</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo><</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo><</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo><</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo><</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo><</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo><</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 0<1<-1<2<-2<3<-3<\ldots }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5a63c6a117ac667bb5513499ad6f097b759040e8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:37.974ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 0<1<-1<2<-2<3<-3<\ldots }" loading="lazy"></span></li>
<li>Die ganzen Zahlen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/449494a083e0a1fda2b61c62b2f09b6bee4633dc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.55ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} }" loading="lazy"></span> mit der Ordnung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 0<1<2<3<\ldots <-1<-2<-3<\ldots }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mn>0</mn>
<mo><</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo><</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo><</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo><</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo><</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo><</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo><</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo><</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 0<1<2<3<\ldots <-1<-2<-3<\ldots }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/43b9c3dcc16102241431f033b0ce7362b0e15708.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:43.796ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 0<1<2<3<\ldots <-1<-2<-3<\ldots }" loading="lazy"></span></li></ul>
<p>Der <a href="Wohlordnungssatz" title="Wohlordnungssatz">Wohlordnungssatz</a> garantiert die Existenz einer Wohlordnung für jede Menge, zum Beispiel auch für die <a href="Reelle_Zahlen" class="mw-redirect" title="Reelle Zahlen">reellen Zahlen</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/786849c765da7a84dbc3cce43e96aad58a5868dc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.678ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {R} }" loading="lazy"></span>. Er ist zum <a href="Auswahlaxiom" title="Auswahlaxiom">Auswahlaxiom</a> äquivalent.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Baum">Baum</h2></div>
<div class="hauptartikel" role="navigation"><span class="hauptartikel-pfeil" title="siehe" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">→ </span><i><span class="hauptartikel-text">Hauptartikel</span>: <a href="Baum_(Graphentheorie)" title="Baum (Graphentheorie)">Baum</a></i></div>
<p>Ein <i>Baum</i> ist eine Halbordnung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (T,<)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>T</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo><</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (T,<)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/805c9961ffed4b29143ee3f6ced5da5f7e8c4df2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.288ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (T,<)}" loading="lazy"></span>, bei der für jedes <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\in T}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>T</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\in T}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c7c507e969d5146c8e2343bb2bc383a3b13b1a6a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.807ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\in T}" loading="lazy"></span> die Menge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \{y\mid y<x\}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>∣<!-- ∣ --></mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \{y\mid y<x\}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f8cc401524c6f3cdc1b2dc64384b1f4ff09c46a5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.001ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \{y\mid y<x\}}" loading="lazy"></span> der Vorgänger von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span> wohlgeordnet ist.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verbandsordnung">Verbandsordnung</h2></div>
<p>Eine <i>Verbandsordnung</i> ist eine Halbordnung, in der es zu je zwei Elementen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>v</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e07b00e7fc0847fbd16391c778d65bc25c452597.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.128ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle w}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>w</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle w}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/88b1e0c8e1be5ebe69d18a8010676fa42d7961e6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.664ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle w}" loading="lazy"></span> immer ein Supremum <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sup(v,w)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">sup</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>w</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sup(v,w)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ee59ae9fc0dd634d7e4e69837d16dde99ccabaea.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.136ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sup(v,w)}" loading="lazy"></span> und ein Infimum <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \inf(v,w)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">inf</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>w</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \inf(v,w)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/74ba0e090bb82759838f29121a564b6b8ebf4561.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.286ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \inf(v,w)}" loading="lazy"></span> gibt. Eine Menge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f82cade9898ced02fdd08712e5f0c0151758a0dd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.442ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M}" loading="lazy"></span>, auf der eine Verbandsordnung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \leq }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \leq }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/440568a09c3bfdf0e1278bfa79eb137c04e94035.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \leq }" loading="lazy"></span> definiert ist, wird <b>verbandsgeordnete Menge</b> genannt.
</p><p>Durch jede Verbandsordnung ist die <a href="Algebraische_Struktur" title="Algebraische Struktur">algebraische Struktur</a> eines <a href="Verband_(Mathematik)" title="Verband (Mathematik)">Verbandes</a> gegeben, indem man für je zwei Elemente <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>v</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e07b00e7fc0847fbd16391c778d65bc25c452597.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.128ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle w}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>w</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle w}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/88b1e0c8e1be5ebe69d18a8010676fa42d7961e6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.664ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle w}" loading="lazy"></span> definiert:
</p>
<ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v\vee w:=\sup(v,w),}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>∨<!-- ∨ --></mo>
<mi>w</mi>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">sup</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>w</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v\vee w:=\sup(v,w),}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4a6552a537efc880abcfccdeb07d9450cd8995a4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.903ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v\vee w:=\sup(v,w),}" loading="lazy"></span></li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v\wedge w:=\inf(v,w).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>∧<!-- ∧ --></mo>
<mi>w</mi>
<mo>:=</mo>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">inf</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>w</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v\wedge w:=\inf(v,w).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/385c808dc76fe491debc4d00b46099405d7ef7e7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.053ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v\wedge w:=\inf(v,w).}" loading="lazy"></span></li></ul>
<p>Umgekehrt lässt sich in jedem Verband durch
</p>
<ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v\leq w\iff v\vee w=w}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>w</mi>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo stretchy="false">⟺<!-- ⟺ --></mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>∨<!-- ∨ --></mo>
<mi>w</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>w</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v\leq w\iff v\vee w=w}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/46b2f607ff1aeb4bcf5b31f079ce468a81521198.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:22.924ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v\leq w\iff v\vee w=w}" loading="lazy"></span></li></ul>
<p>für je zwei Elemente <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>v</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e07b00e7fc0847fbd16391c778d65bc25c452597.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.128ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle w}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>w</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle w}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/88b1e0c8e1be5ebe69d18a8010676fa42d7961e6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.664ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle w}" loading="lazy"></span> eine Verbandsordnung definieren, so dass
</p>
<ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sup(v,w)=v\vee w,}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">sup</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>w</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>∨<!-- ∨ --></mo>
<mi>w</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sup(v,w)=v\vee w,}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/62310d3347ed28b8de955abb459ac73766bc1878.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.256ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sup(v,w)=v\vee w,}" loading="lazy"></span></li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \inf(v,w)=v\wedge w.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">inf</mo>
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<mo>,</mo>
<mi>w</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>v</mi>
<mo>∧<!-- ∧ --></mo>
<mi>w</mi>
<mo>.</mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \inf(v,w)=v\wedge w.}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f628176c5c87fb0adfaf5f79e591505d6de9fd44.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:17.406ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \inf(v,w)=v\wedge w.}" loading="lazy"></span></li></ul>
<p>Eine verbandsgeordnete Menge wird daher oft „Verband“ genannt, sie selbst ist jedoch im Gegensatz zum Verband keine algebraische Struktur.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vollständige_Halbordnung"><span id="Vollst.C3.A4ndige_Halbordnung"></span>Vollständige Halbordnung</h2></div>
<p>Eine <i>vollständige Halbordnung</i> (engl. <i>pointed complete partial order</i>, <i>dcpo</i>, <i>cppo</i>, auch <i>cpo</i>) ist eine Halbordnung mit einem kleinsten Element und der Eigenschaft, dass jede Teilmenge, die eine aufsteigende Kette <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (x_{0}\leq x_{1}\leq x_{2}\leq \dotsb )}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
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<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
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<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
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</msub>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (x_{0}\leq x_{1}\leq x_{2}\leq \dotsb )}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f56d96f2ef009bba01d16119359e9716095efff4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:20.98ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (x_{0}\leq x_{1}\leq x_{2}\leq \dotsb )}" loading="lazy"></span> bildet, ein <a href="Supremum" class="mw-redirect" title="Supremum">Supremum</a> besitzt. Das Supremum muss dabei nicht in der Teilmenge selbst liegen.
</p><p>Bei einer <i>gerichteten vollständigen Halbordnung</i> (engl. <i>directed complete partial order</i>, <i>DCPO</i>) muss im Gegensatz zur vollständigen Halbordnung die <a href="Leere_Menge" title="Leere Menge">leere Menge</a> kein Supremum besitzen. Es muss damit kein kleinstes Element geben.
</p><p>Diese beiden Vollständigkeitsbegriffe spielen eine Rolle bei Beweisen mit Hilfe des <a href="Lemma_von_Zorn" title="Lemma von Zorn">Lemmas von Zorn</a>. → Davon zu unterscheiden ist der an die <a href="Topologie_(Mathematik)" title="Topologie (Mathematik)">Topologie</a> angelehnte Begriff <a href="Ordnungstopologie" title="Ordnungstopologie">Ordnungsvollständigkeit</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Konstruktion_neuer_Ordnungen">Konstruktion neuer Ordnungen</h2></div>
<p>Aus vorhandenen Ordnungen lassen sich auf sehr unterschiedliche Weise neue Ordnungen konstruieren.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verkettung">Verkettung</h3></div>
<p>Ähnlich den <a href="Zeichenkette" title="Zeichenkette">Zeichenketten</a> lassen sich zwei geordnete Mengen zu einer dritten geordneten Menge verketten (englisch: <i>ordinal sum</i><sup id="cite_ref-NK_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NK-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).
Dabei ist für zwei geordnete Mengen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (A,<_{A})}">
<semantics>
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<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mo><</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>A</mi>
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (A,<_{A})}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3dd6a41e8ab3d958e2663f3d7292a54af6816d41.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.859ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (A,<_{A})}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (B,<_{B})}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
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<mo><</mo>
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<mi>B</mi>
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (B,<_{B})}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ccbdbccf410e31e8218d19dbc1b7d58e3b77e003.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.895ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (B,<_{B})}" loading="lazy"></span>
</p>
<dl><dd>die Menge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\bigl (}(A\,\cup _{<}\!B),\;<_{\cup }\!\!{\bigr )}}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em">(</mo>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>A</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msub>
<mo>∪<!-- ∪ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo><</mo>
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<mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<msub>
<mo><</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∪<!-- ∪ --></mo>
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<mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace>
<mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-CLOSE">
<mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em">)</mo>
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</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\bigl (}(A\,\cup _{<}\!B),\;<_{\cup }\!\!{\bigr )}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cca7463ea23c22c2175495b6695c3d130365a01e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:16.226ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\bigl (}(A\,\cup _{<}\!B),\;<_{\cup }\!\!{\bigr )}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>die geordnete Menge, die die <a href="Disjunkte_Vereinigung" title="Disjunkte Vereinigung">disjunkte Vereinigungsmenge</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A\sqcup B}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>⊔<!-- ⊔ --></mo>
<mi>B</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A\sqcup B}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/30206a16da3623a1244336c395f9f268b69c4aef.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.09ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A\sqcup B}" loading="lazy"></span> zur <a href="Grundmenge" title="Grundmenge">Grundmenge</a> hat und mit der („vereinigten“) Ordnungsrelation <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle <_{\cup }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mo><</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∪<!-- ∪ --></mo>
</mrow>
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</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle <_{\cup }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c39980cdfd724bfcdcb4d13345044ac0df68cde6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.137ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle <_{\cup }}" loading="lazy"></span> ausgestattet ist, die für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a_{1},a_{2}\in A}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
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<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
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</msub>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>A</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a_{1},a_{2}\in A}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1f1b9a1a66d0398251a959b608d8f9c291f5d316.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.186ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a_{1},a_{2}\in A}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b_{1},b_{2}\in B}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
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<mo>,</mo>
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<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
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<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b_{1},b_{2}\in B}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b9e4ae0dafd203defd561f446c9362a3785907c0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.742ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b_{1},b_{2}\in B}" loading="lazy"></span> deren Ordnung in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}" loading="lazy"></span> resp. <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>B</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B}" loading="lazy"></span> als <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a_{1}\!<_{\cup }a_{2}\;:\Longleftrightarrow \;a_{1}\!<_{A}a_{2}}">
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<mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace>
<msub>
<mo><</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>:⟺<!-- ⟺ --></mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace>
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<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a_{1}\!<_{\cup }a_{2}\;:\Longleftrightarrow \;a_{1}\!<_{A}a_{2}}</annotation>
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<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
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<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace>
<msub>
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<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b_{1}\!<_{\cup }b_{2}\;:\Longleftrightarrow \;b_{1}\!<_{B}b_{2}}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b7970904c73ef83a7a272647a44c1c452e0fc16e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:23.982ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b_{1}\!<_{\cup }b_{2}\;:\Longleftrightarrow \;b_{1}\!<_{B}b_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> fortsetzt und zusätzlich für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a\in A,\;b\in B}">
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<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
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<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>B</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a\in A,\;b\in B}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/69f83921143f2b0f709d16e4c49ce1f8cea01149.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.095ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a\in A,\;b\in B}" loading="lazy"></span> die durch die Reihenfolge der Operanden (zuerst <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>A</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}" loading="lazy"></span> dann <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>B</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B}" loading="lazy"></span> in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A\cup _{<}B}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>A</mi>
<msub>
<mo>∪<!-- ∪ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo><</mo>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>B</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A\cup _{<}B}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/10b9520c6e2735e6e53e9990a871494f88dff87e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.601ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A\cup _{<}B}" loading="lazy"></span>) spezifizierte Ordnung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a<_{\cup }b}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
<msub>
<mo><</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∪<!-- ∪ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>b</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a<_{\cup }b}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a07770d9c6cdebd64af6c0884fe4c81e3b0845fb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.654ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a<_{\cup }b}" loading="lazy"></span> festlegt.<br>Die so definierte Relation <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle <_{\cup }}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mo><</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>∪<!-- ∪ --></mo>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle <_{\cup }}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c39980cdfd724bfcdcb4d13345044ac0df68cde6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.137ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle <_{\cup }}" loading="lazy"></span> ist wieder eine Ordnung, die total ist, wenn die Ausgangsordnungen total sind.<br>Es existieren auch die abgekürzten Schreibweisen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (A\,\cup _{<}\!B,\;<)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>A</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msub>
<mo>∪<!-- ∪ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo><</mo>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo><</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (A\,\cup _{<}\!B,\;<)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/51e632e85b5198e823999018f632fd22e0063c00.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:12.897ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (A\,\cup _{<}\!B,\;<)}" loading="lazy"></span> oder <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A\,\cup _{<}\!B}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>A</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<msub>
<mo>∪<!-- ∪ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo><</mo>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mspace width="negativethinmathspace"></mspace>
<mi>B</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A\,\cup _{<}\!B}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2ed1538abdb937a7089ecd21f7d0a69b0ba81cfc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.601ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A\,\cup _{<}\!B}" loading="lazy"></span> – oder (bei ausreichendem anderweitigem Kontext) gar nur <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A\cup B}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>∪<!-- ∪ --></mo>
<mi>B</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A\cup B}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cdb575990bcfbcdf616aa6fd76e8b30bf7fd2169.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.09ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A\cup B}" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p><p>Das Konzept lässt sich auf beliebige geordnete <a href="Indexmenge_(Mathematik)" title="Indexmenge (Mathematik)">Indexmengen</a> und damit gebildete <a href="Disjunkte_Vereinigung#Disjunkte_Vereinigung_beliebiger_Mengen" title="Disjunkte Vereinigung">disjunkte Vereinigungsmengen</a> erweitern.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ordnungen_auf_dem_kartesischen_Produkt">Ordnungen auf dem kartesischen Produkt</h3></div>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 355px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 350px; height: 255px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Lexikographische Ordnung auf <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {N} \times \mathbb {N} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {N} \times \mathbb {N} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5b25f8c4219e47350185be7ebdc5250c8d59ab35.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.197ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {N} \times \mathbb {N} }" loading="lazy"></span>:<br>Die verstärkten Linien nach rechts oben sind unendlich lang.</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 355px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 350px; height: 255px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Hasse-Diagramm" title="Hasse-Diagramm">Hasse-Diagramm</a> der Produkt-Ordnung auf <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {N} \times \mathbb {N} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {N} \times \mathbb {N} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5b25f8c4219e47350185be7ebdc5250c8d59ab35.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.197ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {N} \times \mathbb {N} }" loading="lazy"></span>:<br>Je weiter unten (links oder rechts), desto < (kleiner).</div>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Im <a href="Kartesisches_Produkt" title="Kartesisches Produkt">kartesischen Produkt</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A\times B}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>×<!-- × --></mo>
<mi>B</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A\times B}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/65f31ae45b0098f06b5d22c38d317eb097a88fa9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.348ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A\times B}" loading="lazy"></span> zweier geordneter Mengen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>A</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>B</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B}" loading="lazy"></span> lassen sich bilden:
</p>
<ul><li>die <a href="Lexikographische_Ordnung" title="Lexikographische Ordnung">lexikographische Ordnung</a>: <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (a_{1},b_{1})<(a_{2},b_{2})\;:\Longleftrightarrow \;a_{1}<a_{2}\lor a_{1}=a_{2}\land b_{1}<b_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo><</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>:⟺<!-- ⟺ --></mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo><</mo>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∨<!-- ∨ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∧<!-- ∧ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo><</mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (a_{1},b_{1})<(a_{2},b_{2})\;:\Longleftrightarrow \;a_{1}<a_{2}\lor a_{1}=a_{2}\land b_{1}<b_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/062b80ed44e413ef2c869f6c301d706e61294bf4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:52.701ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (a_{1},b_{1})<(a_{2},b_{2})\;:\Longleftrightarrow \;a_{1}<a_{2}\lor a_{1}=a_{2}\land b_{1}<b_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span>; sie ist total, wenn die Ausgangsmengen total geordnet sind;</li>
<li>die Produktordnung (englisch: <i>product order</i><sup id="cite_ref-NK_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NK-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>): <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left(a_{1},b_{1}\right)\leq \left(a_{2},b_{2}\right)\;:\Longleftrightarrow \;a_{1}\leq a_{2}\land b_{1}\leq b_{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>:⟺<!-- ⟺ --></mo>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>a</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>∧<!-- ∧ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left(a_{1},b_{1}\right)\leq \left(a_{2},b_{2}\right)\;:\Longleftrightarrow \;a_{1}\leq a_{2}\land b_{1}\leq b_{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5d4481822dabc44699569338e048507426932ef7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:42.452ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left(a_{1},b_{1}\right)\leq \left(a_{2},b_{2}\right)\;:\Longleftrightarrow \;a_{1}\leq a_{2}\land b_{1}\leq b_{2}}" loading="lazy"></span>; sie ist i. Allg. nicht total.</li></ul>
<p>Die so konstruierten Ordnungen können auf kartesische Produkte von mehr als zwei Mengen erweitert werden. Die Erweiterungsoperation erweist sich dabei als <a href="Operatorassoziativit%C3%A4t" title="Operatorassoziativität">assoziativ</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ordnungstheoretischer_Stetigkeitsbegriff">Ordnungstheoretischer Stetigkeitsbegriff</h2></div>
<p>Ordnungstheoretisch lässt sich die Stetigkeit als <a href="Vertr%C3%A4glichkeit_(Mathematik)" title="Verträglichkeit (Mathematik)">Verträglichkeit</a> einer Funktion mit dem <a href="Supremum" class="mw-redirect" title="Supremum">Supremum</a> <a href="Partielle_Ordnung#Vollständige_Halbordnung" class="mw-redirect" title="Partielle Ordnung">vollständiger Halbordnungen</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A,B}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>B</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A,B}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/96c3298ea9aa77c226be56a7d8515baaa517b90b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.541ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A,B}" loading="lazy"></span> fassen.
Eine Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\colon A\rightarrow B}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi>B</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\colon A\rightarrow B}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/867edf1a68f4da4b8c01de80e666173d070f5a95.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.434ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\colon A\rightarrow B}" loading="lazy"></span> heißt stetig, wenn <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\left(\bigsqcup X\right)=\bigsqcup f(X)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>⨆<!-- ⨆ --></mo>
<mi>X</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>⨆<!-- ⨆ --></mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\left(\bigsqcup X\right)=\bigsqcup f(X)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e822a8363e9305c53e08370adc3217d6ae6de5c8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:20.525ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\left(\bigsqcup X\right)=\bigsqcup f(X)}" loading="lazy"></span> für alle <a href="Gerichtete_Menge" title="Gerichtete Menge">gerichteten</a> Teilmengen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X\subseteq A}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>X</mi>
<mo>⊆<!-- ⊆ --></mo>
<mi>A</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X\subseteq A}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5fcae03c50c1acf89c84a2b1312dc557046cd9b6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:6.822ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X\subseteq A}" loading="lazy"></span> gilt.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dieser Begriff spielt in der Bereichstheorie eine zentrale Rolle.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ähnlich der Folgenstetigkeit oben werden auch hier Grenzwerte wieder auf Grenzwerte abgebildet.
</p><p>In diesem Zusammenhang folgt aus der <i>Stetigkeit</i> einer Funktion deren <i><a href="Monotone_Abbildung" title="Monotone Abbildung">Monotonie</a></i>. Umgekehrt bildet jede monotone Funktion eine gerichtete Menge wieder auf eine solche ab, wodurch die Existenz des Supremums des Abbilds dann von vornherein gewiss ist und nicht mehr gezeigt werden muss. Viele Autoren nehmen die Monotonie als Voraussetzung in die Definition der Stetigkeit auf.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Homomorphismen">Homomorphismen</h2></div>
<p>Seien <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (X,R)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (X,R)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/eafcb509b36d14d6e5e4818e21cd557801b337c8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.587ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (X,R)}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (X',R')}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msup>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>R</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (X',R')}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3840810dfa7b8ce515e221b59c9c1b1c7bf4d154.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.974ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (X',R')}" loading="lazy"></span> geordnete Mengen. Eine Abbildung <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varphi \colon X\rightarrow X'}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo>:<!-- : --></mo>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>X</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varphi \colon X\rightarrow X'}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/8850707a03791fe4348e25f37b81594a4c7d8ffd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.83ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varphi \colon X\rightarrow X'}" loading="lazy"></span> heißt <i><a href="Isotone_Abbildung" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotone Abbildung">isoton</a></i>, <i>ordnungserhaltend</i>, <i>ordnungstreu</i> oder <i>Ordnungshomomorphismus</i>, wenn <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle xRy\Rightarrow \varphi (x)R'\varphi (y)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">⇒<!-- ⇒ --></mo>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mi>R</mi>
<mo>′</mo>
</msup>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle xRy\Rightarrow \varphi (x)R'\varphi (y)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f585f850960ff2489c8b0fa61aa866edeb62b451.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:19.456ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle xRy\Rightarrow \varphi (x)R'\varphi (y)}" loading="lazy"></span> für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x,y\in X}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mi>X</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x,y\in X}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6d72f66ab332ed430aa9b34ff18c9723c4fea2a1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.34ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x,y\in X}" loading="lazy"></span> gilt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwendung_der_Begriffe">Verwendung der Begriffe</h2></div>
<p>Die Autoren benutzen den Begriff „Ordnung“ unterschiedlich. Er kann eine <i>Halbordnung</i> oder eine <i>totale Ordnung</i> bezeichnen. Vermutlich induziert von den Polaritäten „halb“ und „total“, findet man somit häufig die Abgrenzung
</p>
<dl><dd><i>Ordnung</i> (im Sinn von Halbordnung) <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \quad \longleftrightarrow \quad }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
<mo stretchy="false">⟷<!-- ⟷ --></mo>
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \quad \longleftrightarrow \quad }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a44fe2e413e649cb52c2d7ebca3b1923aec15105.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:8.964ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \quad \longleftrightarrow \quad }" loading="lazy"></span> <i>totale Ordnung</i></dd></dl>
<p>oder auch
</p>
<dl><dd><i>Halbordnung</i> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \quad \longleftrightarrow \quad }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
<mo stretchy="false">⟷<!-- ⟷ --></mo>
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \quad \longleftrightarrow \quad }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a44fe2e413e649cb52c2d7ebca3b1923aec15105.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:8.964ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \quad \longleftrightarrow \quad }" loading="lazy"></span> <i>Ordnung</i> (im Sinn von totale Ordnung).</dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2></div>
<ul><li>Eine Ordnungsrelation auf einer Menge von <i>Güterbündeln</i> heißt in der Mikroökonomie <a href="Pr%C3%A4ferenzrelation" title="Präferenzrelation">Präferenzrelation</a>.</li>
<li>In der <a href="Algebra" title="Algebra">Algebra</a> werden (meist totale) Ordnungsrelationen auf einer Menge betrachtet, die mit der Verknüpfung bzw. den Verknüpfungen auf dieser Menge verträglich sind. Siehe als Beispiel <a href="Geordneter_K%C3%B6rper" title="Geordneter Körper">Geordneter Körper</a>.</li>
<li>In der Geometrie lassen sich unter bestimmten Bedingungen Anordnungen der Punkte auf jeder Geraden einführen. Man spricht hier zunächst von <a href="Seiteneinteilung#Zwischenrelation" title="Seiteneinteilung">Zwischenrelationen</a> (dies sind dreistellige Relationen), aus denen sich in wichtigen Spezialfällen totale, miteinander und mit der geometrischen Struktur verträgliche Ordnungen auf diesen Punktreihen ergeben.</li>
<li>Jede totalgeordnete Menge lässt sich mit einer durch die Ordnung bestimmten <a href="Topologie_(Mathematik)" title="Topologie (Mathematik)">topologischen Struktur</a>, der <a href="Ordnungstopologie" title="Ordnungstopologie">Ordnungstopologie</a> ausstatten.</li>
<li><a href="Lexikographische_Ordnung" title="Lexikographische Ordnung">Lexikographische Ordnung</a></li>
<li><a href="Pareto-Ordnung" class="mw-redirect" title="Pareto-Ordnung">Pareto-Ordnung</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Rudolf Berghammer: <i>Ordnungen, Verbände und Relationen mit Anwendungen.</i> 2., durchgesehene und korrigierte Auflage. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden 2012, ISBN 978-3-658-00618-1.</li>
<li>Marcel Erné: <i>Einführung in die Ordnungstheorie.</i> Bibliographisches Institut, Mannheim u. a. 1982, ISBN 3-411-01638-8.</li>
<li><a href="Bernhard_Ganter" title="Bernhard Ganter">Bernhard Ganter</a>: <i>Diskrete Mathematik: Geordnete Mengen</i>. Springer Spektrum, Berlin / Heidelberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-642-37499-9.</li>
<li><a href="Egbert_Harzheim" title="Egbert Harzheim">Egbert Harzheim</a>: <i>Ordered Sets</i> (= <i>Advances in Mathematics.</i> Bd. 7). Springer, New York NY 2005, ISBN 0-387-24219-8.</li>
<li><a href="Ingmar_Lehmann" title="Ingmar Lehmann">Ingmar Lehmann</a>, Wolfgang Schulz: <i>Mengen – Relationen – Funktionen. Eine anschauliche Einführung.</i> 3., überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Teubner, Wiesbaden 2007, ISBN 978-3-8351-0162-3.</li>
<li>Wiebke Petersen: <i>Mathematische Grundlagen der Computerlinguistik – Ordnungsrelationen</i>, 4. Foliensatz, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Institute of Language and Information, PDF: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://user.phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de/~petersen/WiSe1112_mathGrundl/Petersen_math_grundl_4.pdf">WS 2011/12</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://user.phil.hhu.de/~petersen/WiSe1314_mathGrundl/Petersen_math_grundl_4.pdf">WS 2013/14</a>, abgerufen am 21. April 2018.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikibooks"></span></span></div><b><a href="https://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/Mathe_f%C3%BCr_Nicht-Freaks:_Ordnungsrelation" class="extiw external" title="b:Mathe für Nicht-Freaks: Ordnungsrelation">Wikibooks: Mathe für Nicht-Freaks: Ordnungsrelation</a></b> – Lern- und Lehrmaterialien</div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/mathematik/ordnungsrelation/7560">Ordnungsrelation im Lexikon der Mathematik auf Spektrum.de</a></li>
<li><a href="Eric_Weisstein" title="Eric Weisstein">Eric W. Weisstein</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathworld.wolfram.com/PartiallyOrderedSet.html"><i>Partially Ordered Set</i>.</a> In: <i><a href="MathWorld" title="MathWorld">MathWorld</a></i> (englisch).</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">In der englischsprachigen Fachliteratur bezeichnet man eine halbgeordnete Menge in der Regel als <i>partially ordered set</i> oder kurz als <i>poset</i>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Manchmal auch ohne Exponent <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span>, also <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \preceq ,}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>⪯<!-- ⪯ --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \preceq ,}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/519a097e579f7ab4fbfb4cbf3b69e59ba73419d9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.455ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \preceq ,}" loading="lazy"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \leq }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \leq }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/440568a09c3bfdf0e1278bfa79eb137c04e94035.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \leq }" loading="lazy"></span> oder einfach <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \prec }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>≺<!-- ≺ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \prec }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/59707ac9078525b52a9e21a1baf9ab787af7a9aa.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.808ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \prec }" loading="lazy"></span> geschrieben.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-nLab_interval-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nLab_interval_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nLab_interval_3-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/interval">interval</a>. Auf: nLab. Stand: 30. Dezember 2020.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-WPetersen93+90-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-WPetersen93+90_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-WPetersen93+90_4-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">W. Petersen WS 2001/12 S. 93, WS 2013/14 S. 90. Die Begriffe werden oft auch für andere Relationen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>R</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4b0bfb3769bf24d80e15374dc37b0441e2616e33.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R}" loading="lazy"></span> anstelle der hier aufgeführten (schwachen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \leq }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \leq }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/440568a09c3bfdf0e1278bfa79eb137c04e94035.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \leq }" loading="lazy"></span> bzw. starken <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle <}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo><</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle <}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/33737c89a17785dacc8638b4d66db3d5c8670de1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.808ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle <}" loading="lazy"></span>) (Teil-)Ordnungsrelationen verwendet.<br>Achtung: Manche Autoren bezeichnen nur die <i>unmittelbaren</i> (d. h. <i>direkten</i>) Vorgänger (bzw. Nachfolger) als Vorgänger (respektive Nachfolger).<br>Was oben als Vorgänger/Nachfolger definiert ist, wäre dann ein Vorgänger bzw. Nachfolger im weiteren Sinn. Ein solcher muss aber nicht zwangsläufig über eine Sequenz direkter (d. h. unmittelbarer) Vorgänger bzw. Nachfolger (quasi indirekt oder mittelbar) erreichbar sein, z. B. 0 und 1 auf <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (\mathbb {R} ,<)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo><</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (\mathbb {R} ,<)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/630bf7c33e982061586b0ba2140ab83ed68db8d3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.329ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (\mathbb {R} ,<)}" loading="lazy"></span> oder <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (\mathbb {Q} ,<)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">Q</mi>
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<mo>,</mo>
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</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (\mathbb {Q} ,<)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/43c487a052f5cefd2a85361e480e641af11aabb3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.46ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (\mathbb {Q} ,<)}" loading="lazy"></span>.</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NK-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NK_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NK_5-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Neggers, Hee Sik Kim: <cite style="font-style:italic">Basic Posets</cite>. 4.2 Product Order and Lexicographic Order. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">World Scientific</cite>. 1998, ISBN 978-981-02-3589-5, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>62–63</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ordnungsrelation&rft.atitle=Basic+Posets&rft.au=J.+Neggers%2C+Hee+Sik+Kim&rft.btitle=World+Scientific&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789810235895&rft.pages=62-63" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dana Scott: <i>Continuous Lattices.</i> In: <i>SLNM 274.</i> 1972, S. 97–136, Proposition 2.5. S.a. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repository.readscheme.org/ftp/papers/plsemantics/oxford/Scott-PRG07.pdf">Scott, 1971</a> (PDF; 1,2 MB).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roberto M. Amadio and Pierre-Louis Curien: <i>Domains and Lambda-Calculi.</i> Cambridge University Press 1998. ISBN 0-521-62277-8, S. 2.</span>
</li>
</ol>
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Normdaten (Sachbegriff): <a href="Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4172733-2">4172733-2</a></span> </div>
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